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Histology - Nervous Tissue Part 2

Anatomy and Physiology20 CardsCreated about 1 month ago

This deck covers key concepts related to the structure and function of nervous tissue, including various cell types and their roles in the central and peripheral nervous systems.

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meningeal cells

connective tissue layes lay outside CNS, protection.
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Key Terms

Term
Definition
meningeal cells
connective tissue layes lay outside CNS, protection.
dendrites
contains same organelles as cell body except nucleus, Nissl bodies and Golgi complexes only in proximal portion.
axosomatic
axon of one neuron synapses with cell body of a second neuuron
cell body (perikaryon/soma)
contains nucleus, nucleolus, Nissl bodies, Golgi complexes, mitochondria, neurofilaments, microtubules.
pseudounipolar neurons
sensory ganglia
neuropil
meshwork of processes of neurons and glia in gray matter of CNS
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Histology - Nervous Tissue Part 2
TermDefinition
meningeal cells
connective tissue layes lay outside CNS, protection.
dendrites
contains same organelles as cell body except nucleus, Nissl bodies and Golgi complexes only in proximal portion.
axosomatic
axon of one neuron synapses with cell body of a second neuuron
cell body (perikaryon/soma)
contains nucleus, nucleolus, Nissl bodies, Golgi complexes, mitochondria, neurofilaments, microtubules.
pseudounipolar neurons
sensory ganglia
neuropil
meshwork of processes of neurons and glia in gray matter of CNS

Axon and Nissl bodies. Characteristic clusters of ribosomes and rough ER termed Nissl bodies or substance scattered in the cytoplasm

axonal anterograde transport
uses microtubules and kinesin

perikarya of large somatic motor neurons - innervate the skeletal muscles of the limbs and trunk, which are embryologically derived from somites (hence, 'somatic' muscles).

astrocyte
star-shaped glial cells regulating ionic environment of extracellular space, guiding of neuron migration during early development, proliferation at sites of injury. the most abundant cell of the human brain.
axoaxonic
one axon synapses on another axon.
neural tube
origin of CNS: neurons, astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, ependymal cells
Glioblastoma multiforme
most common and most aggressive malignant primary brain tumor in humans, involving glial cells
myelin sheath
up to 50 lipoprotein lamellae/Pligodendrocytes in CNS, Schwann cells in PNS. Internodal segnment and node of Ranvier.

Dorsal Root Ganglia, near, but outside of the spinal cord. Afferent fibers carrying sensory info from perifery to dorsal horn, where they synapse with neurons in the spinal cord.

axon
contains mitochondria, neurofilaments and microtubules, but NO protein making machinery.
Neurolemmocytes
myelination of PNS axons, a single internodal segment. Basal lamina guides regenrating axons, allows for better regeneration/recovery than CNS.
microglial cells
resident macrophages of the brain and spinal cord, and thus act as the first and main form of active immune defense in the central nervous system (CNS).
Meningeal cells
consist of three layers: the dura mater, the arachnoid mater, and the pia mater that are membranes which envelop and protect the central nervous system. CNS is unique in that it has NO internal connective tissue.
Schwann cells
Peripheral equivalent of the oligodendrocytes. Mylenate PNS axons, basal lamina guides regeberating neurons. Single Schwann cell mylenates a single internodal segment.