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Back to AI Flashcard MakerAnatomy and Physiology /Histology - Respiration Part 1

Histology - Respiration Part 1

Anatomy and Physiology25 CardsCreated about 1 month ago

This deck covers key concepts related to the histology of the respiratory system, including diseases, cell types, and structural characteristics.

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Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)

Ciliated cells: Lose synchronized beating, Decrease in #s ciliated cells Goblet cells: Increase secretion, Increase in #s goblet cells Seromucous glands: Increase secretion, Hypertrophy
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Key Terms

Term
Definition
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)
Ciliated cells: Lose synchronized beating, Decrease in #s ciliated cells Goblet cells: Increase secretion, Increase in #s goblet cells Seromucous glan...
Cystic Fibrosis
Defective chloride ion regulator. NaCl build up in cell, draws water from mucus. Dehydrated viscous musuc, mucociliary escalator ineffective, muscous ...
Kulchitsky cells (small granule cells)
Neuroendocrine cells (catecholamine, serotonin, etc.) that may participate in local reflexes regulating airway or vascular caliber (neuroepithelial bo...
Trachea 1’ Bronchi Characteristics
Pseudostratifeid columnar, cilated & goblet cells, K cells, brush cells, basal cells, seromucus glands, hyaline cartilage
Clara cells
dome-shaped cells with short microvilli, found in the small airways (bronchioles). protect the bronchiolar epithelium, secrete lung surfactant, detoxi...
Smooth muscle in tracheobronchial tree
Deep, it contracts to control air velocity and distribution.
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Histology - Respiration Part 1
TermDefinition
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)
Ciliated cells: Lose synchronized beating, Decrease in #s ciliated cells Goblet cells: Increase secretion, Increase in #s goblet cells Seromucous glands: Increase secretion, Hypertrophy
Cystic Fibrosis
Defective chloride ion regulator. NaCl build up in cell, draws water from mucus. Dehydrated viscous musuc, mucociliary escalator ineffective, muscous plugs obstruct airways, chronic infections.
Kulchitsky cells (small granule cells)
Neuroendocrine cells (catecholamine, serotonin, etc.) that may participate in local reflexes regulating airway or vascular caliber (neuroepithelial bodies)
Trachea 1’ Bronchi Characteristics
Pseudostratifeid columnar, cilated & goblet cells, K cells, brush cells, basal cells, seromucus glands, hyaline cartilage
Clara cells
dome-shaped cells with short microvilli, found in the small airways (bronchioles). protect the bronchiolar epithelium, secrete lung surfactant, detoxify harmful substance, also act as a stem cell, multiplying and differentiating into ciliated cells
Smooth muscle in tracheobronchial tree
Deep, it contracts to control air velocity and distribution.
Bronchial Asthma (extrinsic)
Starts as hypersensitivity reaction. Characterized by mucus in lumen, inflammation and BM thickening, enlarged musous glands, smooth muscle hyperplasia.
Patency Support (Cartilage) in Trachea
“C” - shaped Cartiledge Rings
Patency Support (Cartilage) In 2’ & 3’ Bronchi
Discontinuous Plates
Patency Support (Cartilage) in Bronchioles (incl. terminal bronchioles):
Elastic fibers and surfactant from Clara Cells
Interalveolar Septum Occupants
1. Type I alveolar cells (2) 2. Type I capillary endothelium 3. Fused basal lamina between endothelial cell & type I cell
Path of O2 (From alveolar air space to RBC)
1. Cytoplasm: Type I alveolar cell (P1) 2. Fused basal lamina (BM) 3. Cytoplasm: Endothelial cell (E)
Surfactant functions
Surface tension, anti-bacterial-viral-fungi, inflammatory response functions
Alveolar macrophages (M)
Antigen presentation, Inflammatory response. Originate from monocytes, called dust cells.
Terminal bronchiole epithelium
Simple cuboidal, Clara cells, ciliated cells (NO alveoli)
Respiratory bronchiole epithelium
Simple cuboidal, Clara cells, Simple squamous (type I alveolar cells) lining alveoli. Bands of smooth muscle.
Alveolar duct epithelium
Simple squamous (type I alveolar cells) lining alveoli (+ other cells present in alveolus) . SLIPS of smooth muscle.
Terminal bronchiole patecy support
Elastic fibers, Surfactant (Clara cells)
Respiratory bronchiole patency support
Elastic fibers, Surfactant (Clara cells & type II cells)
Alveolar duct patency support
Elastic fibers, Surfactant (type II cells)
Alveolar sac and Alveolus Basic Characteristics
Simple squamous (type I alveolar cells) lining alveoli (+ other cells present in alveolus) . NO smooth muscle. {atency support from Eeastic fibers, Surfactant (type II cells).
GI & respiratory systems embryonic germ layer
Endoderm
smooth mm, general CT (organs), cardiac muscle, connective tissue, circulatory system (blood and lymph) embryonic orgin
visceral (splanchnic) mesoderm
Tracheoesophageal septum
Formed by fusion of two longitudinally-oriented tracheoesophageal ridges (or folds). Separates the trachea (anterior) from the esophagus (posterior).
Respiratory diverticulum
lung bud