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Histology - Urinary System Part 1

Anatomy and Physiology25 CardsCreated about 1 month ago

This deck covers key concepts related to the histology of the urinary system, including structures, functions, and physiological processes.

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composed of renal corpuscles, proximal convoluted tubules, and distal convoluted tubules

cortical labyrinth
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Key Terms

Term
Definition
composed of renal corpuscles, proximal convoluted tubules, and distal convoluted tubules
cortical labyrinth
impermeable to water but permeable to salts
ascending thin limb of Henle
when filtration rate is low…
macula densa cells stimulate juxtaglomerular (granular) cells to increase release of the protease enzyme renin into the blood
separates renal pyramids from one another
renal columns (of Bertin)
stimulates bone marrow to produce RBCs
erythropoietin (EPO)
aldosterone
causes greater sodium reabsorption from distal tubules and collecting tubules, which then triggers the release of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) from the ...
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Histology - Urinary System Part 1
TermDefinition
composed of renal corpuscles, proximal convoluted tubules, and distal convoluted tubules
cortical labyrinth
impermeable to water but permeable to salts
ascending thin limb of Henle
when filtration rate is low…
macula densa cells stimulate juxtaglomerular (granular) cells to increase release of the protease enzyme renin into the blood
separates renal pyramids from one another
renal columns (of Bertin)
stimulates bone marrow to produce RBCs
erythropoietin (EPO)
aldosterone
causes greater sodium reabsorption from distal tubules and collecting tubules, which then triggers the release of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) from the pituitary gland to increase blood volume and blood pressure (and concentrate urine)
afferent glomerular arterioles
supply renal corpuscles
absence of ADH
makes collecting tubules impermeable to water and allows urine to be dilute (hypotonic) and have high volume
EPO produced by
peritubular capillary cells, chronic kidney diseases may result in anemia
thin inner and outer longitudinal smooth muscle layers, with a thick middle circular smooth muscle layer that forms the internal urethral sphincter muscle around the internal orifice of the urethra
bladder muscularis (detrusor muscle)
impermeable to water but permeable to salts, sodium reabsorption increases in response to aldosterone from adrenal (suprarenal) cortex
distal tubule of nephron
Modified smooth muscle cells between capillaries. They have phagocytic activity, removing proteins and other molecules trapped in the glomerular basement membrane or filtration barrier. They secrete interleukin 1 and platelet derived growth factor to aid in repair.
intraglomerular mesangial cells
the initial blood-filtering component of a nephron. It consists of two structures: a glomerulus and a Bowman’s capsule.
renal corpuscle
Mucus secreting glands in lamina propitia of urethra.
glands of Littre
ADH stimulates
the insertion of aquaporins into the plasma membrane of principal cells (light cells) to allow water to move from lumen into cells; majority of cells lining the collecting tubule are light staining principal cells
purpose of the renal system
eliminate wastes from the body, regulate blood volume and pressure, control levels of electrolytes and metabolites, and regulate blood pH.
external urethral sphincter
skeletal muscle fibers where urethra pierces perineum
permeable to water and salts, active transport of sodium by Na+/K+ ATPase pumps, passive diffusion of water through aquaporins (water channels)
proximal tubule of nephron. Reabsorption back into blood supply of 65 - 70% of water, sodium, and chloride, as well as 100% of proteins, amino acids, and glucose.
collecting tubules derive from
ureteric bud
overlies base of renal pyramid
cortical arch
peritubular capillary network
supplies tubule system
loose connective tissue in cortex contains cells that resemble fibroblasts, and occasional macrophages, while in medulla it contains cells that resemble myofibroblasts
renal interstitium (stroma), reabsorbed water and other molecules pass from nephron and collecting tubule into renal interstitium and then into blood supply
nephron chief function
regulate the concentration of water and soluble substances like sodium salts by filtering the blood, reabsorbing what is needed and excreting the rest as urine.
transitional epithelium 3-5 cells thick, lamina propria of dense irregular fibroelastic connective tissue
ureter mucosa
disease characterized by low ADH production
neurogenic or central diabetes insipidus