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Histology - Vasculature Part 3

Anatomy and Physiology25 CardsCreated about 1 month ago

This deck covers key concepts related to fetal circulation, heart development, and vascular structures, including their functions and examples.

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the fibrous remnant of the ductus venosus of the fetal circulation. Usually, it is attached to the left branch of the portal vein within the porta hepatis (gateway to the liver).

ligamentum venosum
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Key Terms

Term
Definition
the fibrous remnant of the ductus venosus of the fetal circulation. Usually, it is attached to the left branch of the portal vein within the porta hepatis (gateway to the liver).
ligamentum venosum
Structures remain open or partially open past the normal range of closure times
Fetal Patency
Functions: 1. Expand during systole & recoil during diastole 2. Propel blood along blood vessel system. Examples: Pulmonary trunk, Aorta (all parts), Brachiocephalic trunk, Common carotid arteries, Subclavian arteries
Elastic (conducting) arteries functions and examples
Ductus Venous. Oxygenated blood in the umbilical vein does not need to be filtered by the fetal liver (placenta has done that job)
Liver bypass
a blood vessel connecting the pulmonary artery to the proximal descending aorta, allowing most of the blood from the right ventricle to bypass the fetal lungs.
Ductus Arteriosus
Important in expression of cardiac specific proteins.
FGF8 gene
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Histology - Vasculature Part 3
TermDefinition
the fibrous remnant of the ductus venosus of the fetal circulation. Usually, it is attached to the left branch of the portal vein within the porta hepatis (gateway to the liver).
ligamentum venosum
Structures remain open or partially open past the normal range of closure times
Fetal Patency
Functions: 1. Expand during systole & recoil during diastole 2. Propel blood along blood vessel system. Examples: Pulmonary trunk, Aorta (all parts), Brachiocephalic trunk, Common carotid arteries, Subclavian arteries
Elastic (conducting) arteries functions and examples
Ductus Venous. Oxygenated blood in the umbilical vein does not need to be filtered by the fetal liver (placenta has done that job)
Liver bypass
a blood vessel connecting the pulmonary artery to the proximal descending aorta, allowing most of the blood from the right ventricle to bypass the fetal lungs.
Ductus Arteriosus
Important in expression of cardiac specific proteins.
FGF8 gene
Heart and embryonic blood vessels begin to develop. Embryonic circulation established. Heart begins to beat. Cardiac lopping completed.
Weeks 3 + 4 Heart Development
Umbilical vein (Placenta, Ox), Vitelline veins (YS, de-Ox), Cardinal veins (Body, de-Ox)
Fetal inflow to heart
Aortic arches: Head & Neck, Dorsal aorta: Body; YS: Vitelline a; Placenta: Umbilical aa
Outflow from heart
coronary sinus
Left sinus horn becomes
Bypasses liver directly to the Inferior Vena Cava (IVC)
Ductus venosus
Lateral Plate Mesoderm - Visceral Layer
Heart Embryonic Germ Layer
a “horseshoe-shaped” cluster of cells cranial (& lateral) to the neural folds developed early in week 3.
Primary heart field (PHF)
Specializations of the Endocardium (Tunica Intima). Extensions of fibroelastic tissue deep to endothelium. Covered on luminal surfaces by endothelium
Cardiac Valves
Formation of heart valves is completed.
Week 8
Functions: Transport blood to large veins (may have valves) Examples: Axillary vein, Internal thoracic veins, Intercostal veins, Cardiac veins (heart)
Medium veins examples and functions
At birth: 1. Head, upper trunk & UEs have normal color 2. Lower trunk & LEs are cyanotic (blue).
Preductal coarctation of the aorta presentation
First venules after the capillary bed, consisting of endothelial lining, basal lamina , pericytes (stem cells). Site of fluid movement and leukocyte extravasation.
Postcapillary Venules
Secreted by endoderm, blocks WNT
crescent & cerberus
Organs of the body, Connective tissues, Smooth & cardiac muscle, Circulatory system (blood & lymphatic vessels)
Visceral (splanchnic) mesoderm derivatives
a vein running up the right side of the thoracic vertebral column. It can also provide an alternative path for blood to the right atriumby allowing the blood to flow between the venae cavae when one vena cava is blocked.
Azygos vein
platelet adhesion at an injury site, secreted directly into the underlying subendothelial CT layer or stored within the endothelial cell cytoplasm in electron dense secretory vesicles.
Willebrand factor (vWF)
Prostaglandin E2 administration to keep ductus open until repair can be done.
Treatment for constriction of the aorta
Constriction just proximal to ductus ateriosus, blood flow to head/neck & UEs is OK, but blood to lower body affected. Is compensated for via an alternative pathway through ductus arteriosus.
Preductal constriction of the aorta
Endothelium: General Functions
Barrier, Exchange Functions: Paracellular and Transcellular Transport - Tight junctions, Basal lamina, Gap junctions (exchange between endothelial cells) Synthetic & Secretory (affects): 1. Blood coagulation & thrombus (clot) formation 2. Inflammatory reactions - Fluid movement into tissues, WBC migration into tissues 3. Angiogenesis