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HOSA: Med Term Digestive Part 1

Anatomy and Physiology50 CardsCreated 2 months ago

This deck covers key terms and concepts related to the digestive system, including anatomical structures, processes, and functions.

define ILEUM

last & longest part of small intestine
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Key Terms

Term
Definition
define ILEUM
last & longest part of small intestine
define PERITONEUM
multilayered membrane protecting & holding organs in abdominal cavity
define PARIETAL PERITONEUM
outer layer of peritoneum lining interior abdominal wall
define MESENTERY
fused double layer of parietal peritoneum that attaches parts of intestine to interior abdominal wall
define VISCERAL PERITONEUM
inner layer of peritoneum surrounding organs of abdominal cavity
define RETROPERITONEAL
behind peritoneum

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TermDefinition
define ILEUM
last & longest part of small intestine
define PERITONEUM
multilayered membrane protecting & holding organs in abdominal cavity
define PARIETAL PERITONEUM
outer layer of peritoneum lining interior abdominal wall
define MESENTERY
fused double layer of parietal peritoneum that attaches parts of intestine to interior abdominal wall
define VISCERAL PERITONEUM
inner layer of peritoneum surrounding organs of abdominal cavity
define RETROPERITONEAL
behind peritoneum
List the parts/sections of the GI tract
upper: mouth to stomach; lower: small intestine to anus; accessory organs: pancreas, liver, gallbladder
define PALATE
roof of the mouth comprised of 3 parts
define HARD PALATE
anterior part of the palate covered w/mucous membranes
define SOFT PALATE
flexible, posterior part of the palate that closes the nasal passage way when swallowing
describe UVULA
structure that hangs from the soft palate (3rd part) that moves when swallowing & allows snoring/formation of sounds
define TONGUE
strong, flexible, muscle attached posteriorly
define DORSUM
upper surface of tongue w/protective covering & papillae
define SUBLINGUAL SURFACE
highly vascular part of tongue that can absorb medication
define LINGUAL FRENUM
attaches tongue to floor fo mouth to limit motion
define PERIODONTIUM
structures surrounding, supporting, & attached to teeth
define GINGIVIA
mucous membranes covering dental arches
what are other names for gingiva
masticatory mucosa or gums
define SULCUS
space between tooth & ginigva
define DENTAL ARCHES
bony structures holding teeth (maxillary & mandibular attached by TMI)
define OCCLUSION
contact between chewing surfaces of jaws
parts of the teeth
crown, root, cervix, dentin, pulp cavity/root canal, pulp
define SALIVA
substance that maintains teeth health & begins digestion (amylase)
define ESOPHAGUS
tube from pharynx to stomach
define LOWER ESOPHAGEAL/CARDIAC SPHINCTER
between esophagus & stomach to prevent regurgitation
3 parts of the stomach
fundus: upper round part; Body: main; Antrum: lower part
define RUGAE
fold in mucosa stomach lining allowing in crease & decrease in size
what comprises of gastric juices
enzymes & HCI
define PYLORIC SPHINCTER
ring @ base of stomach before duodenum
define PYLORUS
passage connecting stomach & intestine
parts of small intestine
duodenum, jejunum, ileum
define CECUM
from ileum to colon
define VERMIFORM APPENDIX
mass of lymphoid tissue hangs from lower part of cecum
define COLON
longest part of large intestine split in 4 parts
give the order of the colon parts
ascending, transverse, descending, & sigmoid
define RECTUM
last 4" of large intestines to anus
what is the anus controlled by
internal & external sphincters
define ANORECTAL
anus & rectum as 1 unit
define LIVER
removes excess blood sugar via glycogen & creates bile & bilirubin
define BILE
digest fat
define BILIRUBIN
pigment made from hemoglobin breakdown to bile
define BILIARY TREE
channels transporting bile to small intestine
define COMMON HEPATIC DUCT
trunk of biliary tree
define COMMON BILE DUCT
common hepatic duct + cystic duct
define GALLBLADDER
concentrates & store bile under liver; pushes bile thru biliary tree via contraction
define METABOLISM
all processes involving usage of nutrients
define ABSORPTION
completely digested nutrients transported to cells
define MASTICATION
chewing
define BOLUS
mass of chewed food w/saliva
define CHYME
semifluid mass of partly digested food past the stomach