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HOSA: Med Term Digestive Part 1
This deck covers key terms and concepts related to the digestive system, including anatomical structures, processes, and functions.
define ILEUM
last & longest part of small intestine
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Key Terms
Term
Definition
define ILEUM
last & longest part of small intestine
define PERITONEUM
multilayered membrane protecting & holding organs in abdominal cavity
define PARIETAL PERITONEUM
outer layer of peritoneum lining interior abdominal wall
define MESENTERY
fused double layer of parietal peritoneum that attaches parts of intestine to interior abdominal wall
define VISCERAL PERITONEUM
inner layer of peritoneum surrounding organs of abdominal cavity
define RETROPERITONEAL
behind peritoneum
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| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
define ILEUM | last & longest part of small intestine |
define PERITONEUM | multilayered membrane protecting & holding organs in abdominal cavity |
define PARIETAL PERITONEUM | outer layer of peritoneum lining interior abdominal wall |
define MESENTERY | fused double layer of parietal peritoneum that attaches parts of intestine to interior abdominal wall |
define VISCERAL PERITONEUM | inner layer of peritoneum surrounding organs of abdominal cavity |
define RETROPERITONEAL | behind peritoneum |
List the parts/sections of the GI tract | upper: mouth to stomach; lower: small intestine to anus; accessory organs: pancreas, liver, gallbladder |
define PALATE | roof of the mouth comprised of 3 parts |
define HARD PALATE | anterior part of the palate covered w/mucous membranes |
define SOFT PALATE | flexible, posterior part of the palate that closes the nasal passage way when swallowing |
describe UVULA | structure that hangs from the soft palate (3rd part) that moves when swallowing & allows snoring/formation of sounds |
define TONGUE | strong, flexible, muscle attached posteriorly |
define DORSUM | upper surface of tongue w/protective covering & papillae |
define SUBLINGUAL SURFACE | highly vascular part of tongue that can absorb medication |
define LINGUAL FRENUM | attaches tongue to floor fo mouth to limit motion |
define PERIODONTIUM | structures surrounding, supporting, & attached to teeth |
define GINGIVIA | mucous membranes covering dental arches |
what are other names for gingiva | masticatory mucosa or gums |
define SULCUS | space between tooth & ginigva |
define DENTAL ARCHES | bony structures holding teeth (maxillary & mandibular attached by TMI) |
define OCCLUSION | contact between chewing surfaces of jaws |
parts of the teeth | crown, root, cervix, dentin, pulp cavity/root canal, pulp |
define SALIVA | substance that maintains teeth health & begins digestion (amylase) |
define ESOPHAGUS | tube from pharynx to stomach |
define LOWER ESOPHAGEAL/CARDIAC SPHINCTER | between esophagus & stomach to prevent regurgitation |
3 parts of the stomach | fundus: upper round part; Body: main; Antrum: lower part |
define RUGAE | fold in mucosa stomach lining allowing in crease & decrease in size |
what comprises of gastric juices | enzymes & HCI |
define PYLORIC SPHINCTER | ring @ base of stomach before duodenum |
define PYLORUS | passage connecting stomach & intestine |
parts of small intestine | duodenum, jejunum, ileum |
define CECUM | from ileum to colon |
define VERMIFORM APPENDIX | mass of lymphoid tissue hangs from lower part of cecum |
define COLON | longest part of large intestine split in 4 parts |
give the order of the colon parts | ascending, transverse, descending, & sigmoid |
define RECTUM | last 4" of large intestines to anus |
what is the anus controlled by | internal & external sphincters |
define ANORECTAL | anus & rectum as 1 unit |
define LIVER | removes excess blood sugar via glycogen & creates bile & bilirubin |
define BILE | digest fat |
define BILIRUBIN | pigment made from hemoglobin breakdown to bile |
define BILIARY TREE | channels transporting bile to small intestine |
define COMMON HEPATIC DUCT | trunk of biliary tree |
define COMMON BILE DUCT | common hepatic duct + cystic duct |
define GALLBLADDER | concentrates & store bile under liver; pushes bile thru biliary tree via contraction |
define METABOLISM | all processes involving usage of nutrients |
define ABSORPTION | completely digested nutrients transported to cells |
define MASTICATION | chewing |
define BOLUS | mass of chewed food w/saliva |
define CHYME | semifluid mass of partly digested food past the stomach |