Back to AI Flashcard MakerAnatomy and Physiology /HOSA: Med Term Endocrine Part 4
HOSA: Med Term Endocrine Part 4
This deck covers important medical terms and conditions related to the endocrine system, focusing on thyroid and pancreatic disorders, including their symptoms, causes, and alternative names.
aka: Hashimoto's disease
hashimoto's thyroiditis
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Key Terms
Term
Definition
aka: Hashimoto's disease
hashimoto's thyroiditis
describe CRETINISM
congenital form of hypothyroidism from lack of thyroid hormone secretion; lead to delayed growth and/or abnormal physical & mental development
describe MYXEDEMA
extreme defiicency of thyroid secretions in older kids & adults w/puffy skin & swelling gen eye & cheek, fatuge, subnormal temp, swelling of laryngeal...
aka: myxedema
adult hypothyroidism
describe HYPERTHYROIDISM
overproduction of thyroid hormones most commonly caused by Graves' disease leading to an increase in metabolism, sweating, nervousness, & weight loss
aka: hyperthyroidism
thyrotoxicosis
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| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
aka: Hashimoto's disease | hashimoto's thyroiditis |
describe CRETINISM | congenital form of hypothyroidism from lack of thyroid hormone secretion; lead to delayed growth and/or abnormal physical & mental development |
describe MYXEDEMA | extreme defiicency of thyroid secretions in older kids & adults w/puffy skin & swelling gen eye & cheek, fatuge, subnormal temp, swelling of laryngeal & pharyngeal mucous membranes |
aka: myxedema | adult hypothyroidism |
describe HYPERTHYROIDISM | overproduction of thyroid hormones most commonly caused by Graves' disease leading to an increase in metabolism, sweating, nervousness, & weight loss |
aka: hyperthyroidism | thyrotoxicosis |
describe GRAVES' DISEASE | autoimmune that attacks thyroid leading to hyperthyroidism leading to goiter, exophthalmos, & enlarged thyroid |
describe GOITER | abnormal, benign enlargement of thyroid leading to swelling of anterior neck from thyroid hormone deficiency (Graves', iodine deficiency, thyroid nodules, etc) |
aka: goiter | thyromegaly |
describe THYROID NODULES | lumps that can grow to cause goiter & either benign, malignant, or make too much thyroxine |
describe EXOPHTHALMOS | abnormal protrusion of eye out of orbit from hyperthyroidism causing an increase in tissue volume behind the eye for it to bulge |
conditions associated w/high thyroid secretions | hyperthyroidism, Graves' disease, Goiter, exophthalmos, & thyroid storm |
describe THYROID STORM | rare & life threatening condition caused by exaggerated hyperthyroidism; s/s: fever, chest pain, palpitations, SOB, tremors, increase sweating, disorientation, & fatigue |
aka: thyroid storm | thyrotoxic crisis |
describe HYPERPARATHYROIDISM | overproduction of parathyroid hormone leading to hypercalcemia from bone degeneration; caused by a disorder of parathyroid/other body part |
aka: hyperparathyroidism | von Recklinghausen's disease of bone |
define HYPOPARATHYROIDISM | insufficient/absent parathyroid hormone leading to hypocalcemia & tetany |
describe TETANY | periodic, painful muscle spasms/tremors; sustained contractions; or nervous excitability caused by PTH deficiency & inadequate Ca |
describe HYPERCALCEMIA | abnormally high level of calcium in blood leading to weakened bones & kidney stones |
define HYPOCALCEMIA | abnormally low level of calcium in blood |
describe MYASTHENIA GRAVIS | autoimmune where antibodies block muscle receptors so muscles weak, fatigue, & nerve signals lost generally associated w/abnormally large thymus or thymoma |
define INSULINOMA | benign pancreatic tumor of beta cells in islets of Langerhans that make additional insulin and lead to hypoglycemia |
define PANCREATITIS | inflammation of pancreas from alcohol abuse |
describe HYPERGLYCEMIA | abnormally high glucose in blood generally associated w/diabetes mellitus; s/s: polydipsia, polyphagia, polyuria |
define POLYDIPSIA | excessive thirst |
define POLYPHAGIA | excessive hunger |
define POLYURIA | excessive urination |
describe HYPOGLYCEMIA | abnormally low glucose in blood; s/s: nervousness, shakiness, confusion, perspiration, anxiety/weakness |
define HYPERINSULINISM | too much insulin in bloodstream & can lead to hypoglycemia |
describe DIABETES MELLITUS | most common; group of metabolic disorder w/hyperglycemia w/increase in glucose in blood/urine & vessel damage |
s/s: diabetes mellitus | acetone (fruity breath), abdominal pain, glycosuria, hyperventilation, polydipsia, polyphagia, polyuria, weight loss, nausea, vomiting, slow healing, etc |
describe TYPE 1 DIABETES MELLITUS | autoimmune defect in insulin production bc pancreatic islet beta cells/abnormalities in islets of Langerhans; onset triggered by viral infection |
s/s: type 1 diabetes mellitus | polydipsia, polyphagia, polyuria, weight loss, blurred vision, extreme fatigue, slow healing, stupor, nausea, vomiting |
aka: type 1 diabetes mellitus | insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) |
describe TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS | unable to use insulin properly/insulin resistance w/normal insulin production; the lack of response causes an increase in insulin secretion |