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HOSA: Med Term Endocrine Part 4

Anatomy and Physiology35 CardsCreated 2 months ago

This deck covers important medical terms and conditions related to the endocrine system, focusing on thyroid and pancreatic disorders, including their symptoms, causes, and alternative names.

aka: Hashimoto's disease

hashimoto's thyroiditis
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Key Terms

Term
Definition
aka: Hashimoto's disease
hashimoto's thyroiditis
describe CRETINISM
congenital form of hypothyroidism from lack of thyroid hormone secretion; lead to delayed growth and/or abnormal physical & mental development
describe MYXEDEMA
extreme defiicency of thyroid secretions in older kids & adults w/puffy skin & swelling gen eye & cheek, fatuge, subnormal temp, swelling of laryngeal...
aka: myxedema
adult hypothyroidism
describe HYPERTHYROIDISM
overproduction of thyroid hormones most commonly caused by Graves' disease leading to an increase in metabolism, sweating, nervousness, & weight loss
aka: hyperthyroidism
thyrotoxicosis

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TermDefinition
aka: Hashimoto's disease
hashimoto's thyroiditis
describe CRETINISM
congenital form of hypothyroidism from lack of thyroid hormone secretion; lead to delayed growth and/or abnormal physical & mental development
describe MYXEDEMA
extreme defiicency of thyroid secretions in older kids & adults w/puffy skin & swelling gen eye & cheek, fatuge, subnormal temp, swelling of laryngeal & pharyngeal mucous membranes
aka: myxedema
adult hypothyroidism
describe HYPERTHYROIDISM
overproduction of thyroid hormones most commonly caused by Graves' disease leading to an increase in metabolism, sweating, nervousness, & weight loss
aka: hyperthyroidism
thyrotoxicosis
describe GRAVES' DISEASE
autoimmune that attacks thyroid leading to hyperthyroidism leading to goiter, exophthalmos, & enlarged thyroid
describe GOITER
abnormal, benign enlargement of thyroid leading to swelling of anterior neck from thyroid hormone deficiency (Graves', iodine deficiency, thyroid nodules, etc)
aka: goiter
thyromegaly
describe THYROID NODULES
lumps that can grow to cause goiter & either benign, malignant, or make too much thyroxine
describe EXOPHTHALMOS
abnormal protrusion of eye out of orbit from hyperthyroidism causing an increase in tissue volume behind the eye for it to bulge
conditions associated w/high thyroid secretions
hyperthyroidism, Graves' disease, Goiter, exophthalmos, & thyroid storm
describe THYROID STORM
rare & life threatening condition caused by exaggerated hyperthyroidism; s/s: fever, chest pain, palpitations, SOB, tremors, increase sweating, disorientation, & fatigue
aka: thyroid storm
thyrotoxic crisis
describe HYPERPARATHYROIDISM
overproduction of parathyroid hormone leading to hypercalcemia from bone degeneration; caused by a disorder of parathyroid/other body part
aka: hyperparathyroidism
von Recklinghausen's disease of bone
define HYPOPARATHYROIDISM
insufficient/absent parathyroid hormone leading to hypocalcemia & tetany
describe TETANY
periodic, painful muscle spasms/tremors; sustained contractions; or nervous excitability caused by PTH deficiency & inadequate Ca
describe HYPERCALCEMIA
abnormally high level of calcium in blood leading to weakened bones & kidney stones
define HYPOCALCEMIA
abnormally low level of calcium in blood
describe MYASTHENIA GRAVIS
autoimmune where antibodies block muscle receptors so muscles weak, fatigue, & nerve signals lost generally associated w/abnormally large thymus or thymoma
define INSULINOMA
benign pancreatic tumor of beta cells in islets of Langerhans that make additional insulin and lead to hypoglycemia
define PANCREATITIS
inflammation of pancreas from alcohol abuse
describe HYPERGLYCEMIA
abnormally high glucose in blood generally associated w/diabetes mellitus; s/s: polydipsia, polyphagia, polyuria
define POLYDIPSIA
excessive thirst
define POLYPHAGIA
excessive hunger
define POLYURIA
excessive urination
describe HYPOGLYCEMIA
abnormally low glucose in blood; s/s: nervousness, shakiness, confusion, perspiration, anxiety/weakness
define HYPERINSULINISM
too much insulin in bloodstream & can lead to hypoglycemia
describe DIABETES MELLITUS
most common; group of metabolic disorder w/hyperglycemia w/increase in glucose in blood/urine & vessel damage
s/s: diabetes mellitus
acetone (fruity breath), abdominal pain, glycosuria, hyperventilation, polydipsia, polyphagia, polyuria, weight loss, nausea, vomiting, slow healing, etc
describe TYPE 1 DIABETES MELLITUS
autoimmune defect in insulin production bc pancreatic islet beta cells/abnormalities in islets of Langerhans; onset triggered by viral infection
s/s: type 1 diabetes mellitus
polydipsia, polyphagia, polyuria, weight loss, blurred vision, extreme fatigue, slow healing, stupor, nausea, vomiting
aka: type 1 diabetes mellitus
insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM)
describe TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS
unable to use insulin properly/insulin resistance w/normal insulin production; the lack of response causes an increase in insulin secretion