Back to AI Flashcard MakerAnatomy and Physiology /HOSA: Med Term Muscular Part 1
HOSA: Med Term Muscular Part 1
This deck covers key terms and concepts related to muscular terminology, including definitions, conditions, and anatomical descriptions.
define MUSCLE FIBERS
long, slender muscle cells bound by connective tissue
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Key Terms
Term
Definition
define MUSCLE FIBERS
long, slender muscle cells bound by connective tissue
define FASCIA
flexible band of connective tissue envelop, separate, or bind muscles
describe TENDON
narrow band of nonelastic, dense, fibrous connective tissue; bone + muscle
list parts of quads
rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus intermedius, vastus medialis
lists parts of hamstring
biceps femoris, semitendinosus, semimembranosus
frontalis is also called what
occiptofrontalis
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| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
define MUSCLE FIBERS | long, slender muscle cells bound by connective tissue |
define FASCIA | flexible band of connective tissue envelop, separate, or bind muscles |
describe TENDON | narrow band of nonelastic, dense, fibrous connective tissue; bone + muscle |
list parts of quads | rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus intermedius, vastus medialis |
lists parts of hamstring | biceps femoris, semitendinosus, semimembranosus |
frontalis is also called what | occiptofrontalis |
what is the nickname for the gastrocnemius | “stomach of the leg” |
define ATONIC | lacking muscle tone |
define MUSCLE TONE | state of balanced muscle tension creating normal posture, coordination, & movement |
define HYPOTONIA | diminished tone of skeletal muscles |
define MYOPATHY | any pathological change/disease of muscle tissue |
define FIBROMYALGIA | broad condition of tendons, muscles, & joints |
s/s: fibromyalgia | fatigue, diffuse/specific muscle/joint/bone pain, etc |
define TENOSYNOVITIS | inflammation of tendon sheath |
tendinitis can also be spelled like what | tendonitis |
define TENDINOSIS | chronic pain condition bc repetitive overuse/unhealed injury of tendon |
describe CHRONIC FATIGUE SYNDROME (CFS) | fatigue not improved by bed rest & worse w/activity; symptoms similar to fibro |
define ADHESION | fibrous band abnormally or normally holding structures (normal = healing wound) |
define ATROPHY | weakness/wearing away of tissue/structure |
cause: adhesion | inflammation or trauma (injury/surgery) |
define CACHEXIA | physically wasting away |
cause: cachexia | weight & muscle mass loss from disease/disuse |
define HERNIA | tissue protrudes thru weak spot of containment into another area |
describe INGUINAL HERNIA | most common; intestines protrude thru weak lower ab wall/groin |
cause: inguinal hernia | obesity, pregnancy, heaving lifting, straining |
describe HIATAL HERNIA | upper part of stomach protrude thru esophageal opening into diaphragm; lead to GERD & pyrosis |
define POLYMYOSITIS | muscle disease w/inflammation & weakening of voluntary muscles gen closest to trunk |
define RHABDOMYOLYSIS | death of muscle fibers release content to blood stream leading to complications like renal failure |
describe SARCOPENIA | loss of muscle mass, strength, & function w/age; slowed by weight/resistance training |
describe DYSTONIA | movement disorder w/involuntary &/or repetitive contractions; symptoms of Parkinson's, strokes, brain injuries, etc |
describe ATAXIA | lack of coordination w/voluntary movement; shaky & unsteady |
cause: ataxia | abnormal activity in cerebellum |
describe CONTRACTURE | permanent tightening of fascia, muscles, tendons, ligaments, or skin; normal connective tissue becomes nonelastic & fibrous |
cause: contracture | scarring or disease |
define INTERMITTENT CLAUDICATION | pain in leg muscles during exercise & fixed w/rest |
cause: intermittent claudication | poor circulation (associate w/PVD) |
describe MYOCLONUS | quick, involuntary jerking of muscles; neurological disorder (epilepsy), metabolic condition, drug response, sleep (normal) |
describe CLONUS | repetitive contraction of knee/ankle muscles; associate w/cerebral palsy, stroke, MS, etc |
define SINGULTUS | myoclonus of diaphragm spasms |
singultus is also called what | hiccups |
torticollis is also called what | wryneck |
define TORTICOLLIS | stiff neck bc spasmodic contraction of neck muscles, pulling head to 1 side |
DEFINE BRADYKINESIA | extreme slowness in movement; Parkinson's |
define DYSKINESIA | distortion/impairment of voluntary movement; jerky & fragmented |
define HYPERKINESIA | abnormally increased muscle function/activity |
hyperkinesia is also called what | hyperactivity |
define MYASTHENIA GRAVIS | chronic autoimmune; weakness & rapid fatigue of voluntary muscles bc of affected neuromuscular junctions |
describe MUSCULAR DYSTROPHY | group of genetic disease w/progressive weakness & degeneration of muscles w/o impacting nerves; no treatment |
describe DUCHENNE MUSCULAR DYSTROPHY (DMD) | common in boys 3-5 yrs; sex-linked & recessive; most unable to walk @ 12 w/breathing difficulty & heart disease; weaken shoulder & pelvic girdles |
define BECKER MUSCULAR DYSTROPHY (BMD) | similar to DMD but less severe |