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HOSA: Med Term Nervous/Special Senses Part 1
This deck covers key medical terminology related to the nervous system and special senses, including definitions and descriptions of various terms and concepts.
define AGEUSIA
absence of gustatory sense (taste)
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Key Terms
Term
Definition
define AGEUSIA
absence of gustatory sense (taste)
define ANOSMIA
absence of olfactory sense (smell)
aka: anosmia
anosphrasia
define DYSGEUSIA
taste impaired leading to either an unpleasant taste when previously pleasant or a taste w/o stimulus
define HYPEROSMIA
abnormally heightened sense of smell
define HYPOSMIA
abnormally weak sense of smell
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| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
define AGEUSIA | absence of gustatory sense (taste) |
define ANOSMIA | absence of olfactory sense (smell) |
aka: anosmia | anosphrasia |
define DYSGEUSIA | taste impaired leading to either an unpleasant taste when previously pleasant or a taste w/o stimulus |
define HYPEROSMIA | abnormally heightened sense of smell |
define HYPOSMIA | abnormally weak sense of smell |
define FISSURE | normal folds in contours of brain |
PNS is composed of what | 12 pairs of cranial nerves & 31 pairs of peripheral spinal nerves |
define NERVE | at least 1 bundle of neurons |
define TRACT | bundle/group of nerve fibers in brain/spinal cord |
define GANGLION | nerve center made of cluster of nerve cell bodies outside CNS |
define INNERVATION | supply of nerves to specific body part |
define PLEXUS | network of intersecting spinal nerves |
define RECEPTORS | sites in sensory organs getting stimulation |
define STIMULUS | anything that excites nerve to cause impulse |
define REFLEX | automatic, involuntary response to any change |
define AFFERENT NEURONS | sensory |
define EFFERENT NEURONS | motor |
define CONNECT/ASSOCIATE NEURONS | link afferent & efferent neurons |
define DENDRITES | root-like processes that receive impulses & conduct to cell body |
define AXON | process that conducts impulse away from cell |
define TERMINAL END FIBERS | branching fibers @ end of axon that lead nerve impulse from axon to synapse |
describe SYNAPSE | space between 2 neurons/neuron & receptor; 1 neuron can have few/hundreds |
describe NEUROTRANSMITTERS | chemical substances that allow for messages to cross synapse to receptors; 200-300 known |
define ACETYLCHOLINE | neurotransmitter for muscle action |
define DOPAMINE | neurotransmitter for motivation, pleasure, & movement |
define ENDORPHINS | neurotransmitter that relieves pain |
define NOREPINEPHRINE | neurotransmitter for alertness & arousal |
define SEROTONIN | neurontransmitter for sleep, hunger, & pleasure |
define GLIAL CELLS | suppport & protect neurons by surrounding & holding neurons in place, supply nutrients & O2 to neurons, insulate, & destroy & remove neurons |
aka: glial cells | neuroglial cells |
describe MYELIN SHEATH | protective covering made of glial cells that covers some of spinal cord & most peripheral nerves; white sheath signifies white matter |
define MENINGES | system of membranes enclosing brain & cord w/3 layers of connective tissue (dura mater, arachnoid membrane, & pia mater) |
define DURA MATER | outermost layer of meninges that is thick & tough, lining inner surface of cranium |
define ARACHNOID MEMBRANE | 2nd layer of meninges that is loosely attached to other layers to allow fluid to flow inbetween |
define PIA MATER | 3rd layer of meninges nearest brain & cord, delicate w/blood vessels |
describe CEREBROSPINAL FLUID | clear, colorless, & water fluid that cool & cushions organs & transports nutrients/chemicals; made by special capillaries in ventricles in middle of cerebrum |
define CEREBRUM | largest & uppermost part of brain responsible for thought, judgment, memory, emotion, & motor & sensory functions |
define CEREBRAL | pertaining to cerebrum/brain |
define CEREBRAL CORTEX | outer layer of cerebrum made of gray matter, gyri, & sulci |
define CEREBRAL LOBES | subdivided parts of hemispheres (frontal, parietal, occiptal, & temporal) |
describe THALAMUS | below cerebrum that produce sensations & relay impulses to & from cerebrum & sense organs |
describe HYPOTHALAMUS | below thalamus regulating ANS, sleep-wakefulness cycles, thirst, hunger, temperature, emotional response, & endocrine system; secretes hormones (GHRH, GHIH, CRH, GnRH, TRH) |
define GROWTH HORMONE RELEASING HORMONE (GHRH) | stimulates release of GH from pituitary |
define GROWTH HORMONE INHIBITING HORMONE (GHIH) | inhibits release of GH from pituitary |
define CORTICOTROPIN RELEASING HORMONE (CRH) | regulate release of adrenocorticotropic from pituitary |
define GONADOTROPIN-RELEASING HORMONE (GnRH) | regulate release of LH & FSH from pituitary |
define THROTROPIN-RELEASING HORMONE (TRH) | regulate release of TSH from pituitary |
define CEREBELLUM | 2nd largest part of brain that receive incoming messages about movement to make smooth & coordinate movement & maintain equilibrium & normal posture |
describe BRAINSTEM | connects hemispheres; consists of midbrain, pons, & medulla oblongata |