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HOSA: Med Term Nervous/Special Senses Part 4

Anatomy and Physiology40 CardsCreated 2 months ago

This deck covers key terms and concepts related to the nervous system and special senses, including disorders, symptoms, and conditions.

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aka: encephalocele

craniocele
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Key Terms

Term
Definition
aka: encephalocele
craniocele
define MENINGOCELE
congenital hernia of meninges thru defected skull/spine
describe HYDROCEPHALUS
excess CSF in brain ventricles lead to cephalomegaly which can cause brain damage; common in young kids; can be congenital or caused by obstruction la...
define MENINGIOMA
generally benign tumor of meninges that is common & slow-growing
define MENINGITIS + s/s
inflammation of meninges of brain & cord from a bacterial or viral infection outside brain; s/s: intense headache & flu-like symptoms
aka: meningitis
infectious meningitis
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HOSA: Med Term Nervous/Special Senses Part 4
TermDefinition
aka: encephalocele
craniocele
define MENINGOCELE
congenital hernia of meninges thru defected skull/spine
describe HYDROCEPHALUS
excess CSF in brain ventricles lead to cephalomegaly which can cause brain damage; common in young kids; can be congenital or caused by obstruction later in life
define MENINGIOMA
generally benign tumor of meninges that is common & slow-growing
define MENINGITIS + s/s
inflammation of meninges of brain & cord from a bacterial or viral infection outside brain; s/s: intense headache & flu-like symptoms
aka: meningitis
infectious meningitis
define CHIARI MALFORMATION + s/s
congenital disorder where parts of cerebellum extend into spinal cord; s/s: asymptomatic, headache, neck pain, coordination issues
define ENCEPHALITIS
inflammation of brain from a viral infection (like rabies)
describe REYE'S SYNDROME (RS) + s/s
rare, serious & potentially fatal condition in kids (< 18 yrs) that can follow a viral illness treated w/aspirin & leads to acute encephalopathy (brain malfunction ) & hepatomegaly; s/s: confusion, seizures, unconsciousness, vomiting, confusion
define TETANUS
acute & potentially fatal infection of CNS from toxin from tetanus bacteria
aka: tetanus
lockjaw
define TOURETTE SYNDROME (TS)
complex disorder w/involuntary tics, grunts, & compulsive utterances
define DEMENTIA
slowly progressive decline in mental abilities (such as memory, thinking, judgment) & personality changes
describe VASCULAR DEMENTIA
dementia caused by stroke/restriction of blood; makes up 10-20% all dementia cases
define NEURODEGENERATIVE DISEASE
an umbrella term for disorders w/progressive loss of neuron structure/function
aka: neurodegenerative disease
degenerative nerve disease
define ALZHEIMER'S (AD)
group of disorders w/a form of dementia, progressive deterioration of memory & reasoning, & atrophy of frontal & occiptal lobes
s/s: Alzheimer's
progressive, irreversible memory loss; intellect deterioration; speech & gait disturbances; apathy; disorientation
define PARKINSON'S (PD) + s/s
chronic, degenerative CNS disorder w/gradual progressive loss of control of movement from inadequate dopamine; s/s: fine muscle tremors, rigidity, bradykinesia, irregular gait, hallucinations, delusions
define TREMOR
repetitive involuntary movement of hands, arms, face, & head
describe AMYOTROPHIC LATERAL SCLEROSIS (ALS)
rapidly progressive disease where nerve cells for voluntary movement attacked causing degeneration of motor neurons in cord, medulla, & cortex leading to progressive weakness, paralysis, & death
s/s: Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
muscular weakness, atrophy, involuntary contractions, excessive reflexes
aka: amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Lou Gehrig's disease
describe AMNESIA
total/partial loss of memories from injury, illness, or psychological disturbance; 2 types (antegrade or retrograde)
difference between retrograde & antegrade amnesia
antegrade = can't make new memories & retrograde = loss old memories
define CONCUSSION + s/s
TBI from violent shaking/jarring/blow to brain leading to partial/complete loss of brain function; s/s: memory loss, poor coordination, difficulty balancing, dizziness
define CEREBRAL CONTUSION
bruising of brain tissue from injury
define CRANIAL HEMATOMA
collection of blood trapped in brain tissue from a major or minor injury
define TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURY (TBI)
blow/penetrating injury damaging the brain
define COUP
injury within skull near impact point
define CONTRECOUP
injury within skull opposite impact point; aka counterblow
define SHAKEN BABY SYNDROMEs
condition that leads to brain injury, blindness, fractures, seizures, paralysis, & death
define LEVELS OF CONSCIOUSNESS (LOC)
describes arousal & stimuli response ( 7 levels)
describe CONSCIOUS (LOC)
LOC; awake, alert,aware, & proper stimuli response
define UNCONSCIOUS (LOC)
LOC; unaware/unable to respond to any stimuli including pain
describe STUPOR (LOC)
LOC; unresponsive, aroused briefly despite vigorous attempts
describe LETHARGY (LOC)
LOC; decreased level of consciousness w/listlessness, drowsiness, & apathy
define SYNCOPE (LOC)
LOC: decreased blood flow leads to brief unconsciousness
aka: cyncope
fainting
describe COMA (LOC)
LOC; profound state of unconsciousness caused by TBI, stroke, infection, or illness with no spontaneous eye movement, no response to pain, & no speech