Anatomy and Physiology /HOSA: Medical Terminology 2016 Chapter 2 Part 1
HOSA: Medical Terminology 2016 Chapter 2 Part 1
This deck covers key medical terminology related to anatomy and physiology, including body planes, directions, cavities, and regions.
Anatomy
study of the structures of the body
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Key Terms
Term
Definition
Anatomy
study of the structures of the body
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Physiology
study of the function of the structures of the body
Anatomic position
Describes the body standing in standard position (standing up straight so that the body is erect and facing forward, holding the arms at the sides wit...
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Midsagittal plane
divides body into equal left/right halves; “midline” saggital plane
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Transverse plane
superior (upper) and inferior (lower) can be at the waist or any other level across the body
Frontal plane
anterior (front) and posterior (back) “coronal plane” located at right angles to sagittal plane
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| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
Anatomy | study of the structures of the body |
Physiology | study of the function of the structures of the body |
Anatomic position | Describes the body standing in standard position (standing up straight so that the body is erect and facing forward, holding the arms at the sides with the hands turned so that the palms face forward the front) |
Midsagittal plane | divides body into equal left/right halves; “midline” saggital plane |
Transverse plane | superior (upper) and inferior (lower) can be at the waist or any other level across the body |
Frontal plane | anterior (front) and posterior (back) “coronal plane” located at right angles to sagittal plane |
Sagittal plane | vertical plane that divides the body into unequal left and right portions |
Ventral | front, belly side of the organ or body {opposite of dorsal} |
Dorsal | back side of the organ or body {opposite of ventral} |
Superior | uppermost, above toward the head {ex. lungs are located superior to the diaphragm} [opposite of dorsal] |
Inferior | lowermost, below, or toward the feet {ex. stomach is located inferior to the diaphragm} [opposite to superior] |
Cephalic | towards the head {opposite to caudal} |
Cephal | head |
Caudal | towards the lower part of the body {opposite of cephalic} |
Caud | tail, or lower part of the body |
Proximal | situated nearest to the midline or beginning of a body structure {ex. proximal end of the humerus -(bone of the upper arm) forms part of the shoulder [opposite of distal] |
Distal | situated farthest from the midline or beginning of a body structure {ex. distal end of the humerus forms part of the elbow} [opposite of proximal] |
Medial | direction toward or nearer the midline {ex. medial ligament of the knee is near the surface of the leg} [opposite of lateral] |
Lateral | direction nearer to the side of the body away from the midline {ex. lateral ligament of the knee is near the side of the leg} [opposite of medial] |
Bilateral | relating to or having two sides |
Anterior | situated in front, front or forward part of an organ {ex. stomach is located anterior of pancreas} [opposite of posterior] |
Posterior | situated in the back, back part of an organ {ex. pancreas is posterior to stomach} [opposite of anterior] |
Dorsal cavity | along the back of the body and head contains organs in the nervous system that coordinate body functions (2 portions - cranial cavity and spinal cavity) |
Cranial cavity | located within the skull, surrounds and protects the brain |
Cranium | skull |
Spinal cavity | located within the spinal column, surrounds and protects the spinal cord |
Ventral cavity | located in the front of the body, contains the body organs that sustain homeostasis |
Homeostasis | process through which the body maintains a constant internal environment |
Home/o | constant |
-Stasis | control |
Thoracic cavity | chest cavity or thorax, surrounds/protects the heart and lungs. The diaphragm is a muscle that separates the thoracic and abdominal cavities |
Abdominal cavity | contains primarily the organs of digestion (abdomen) |
Pelvic cavity | space formed by the hipbones and contains primarily the organs of the reproductive and excretory systems (no physical divisions between the abdominal and pelvic cavities |
Abdominopelvic cavity | refers to a the two as a single unit |
Inguinal | relating to the groin, refers to the entire lower area of the abdomen. Includes the groin, the crease at the junction of the trunk with the upper end of the thigh |
Right/Left Hypochondriac regions | covered by the lower ribs | term also describes an individual with an abnormal concern about their health |
-Chondri | cartilage |
Epigastric region | located above the stomach |
Epi- | above |
Right/Left Lumbar regions | located near the inward curve of the spine |