Anatomy and Physiology /HOSA: Medical Terminology 2016 Chapter 3 Part 1
HOSA: Medical Terminology 2016 Chapter 3 Part 1
This deck covers key medical terminology from Chapter 3, Part 1 of the HOSA 2016 curriculum, focusing on terms related to bones, joints, and connective tissues.
Ankyl/o
crooked, bent, stiff
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Key Terms
Term
Definition
Ankyl/o
crooked, bent, stiff
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Arthr/o
joint
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Cost/o
rib
Crani/o
skull
-Desis
to bind, tie together
Kyph/o
bent, hump
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| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
Ankyl/o | crooked, bent, stiff |
Arthr/o | joint |
Cost/o | rib |
Crani/o | skull |
-Desis | to bind, tie together |
Kyph/o | bent, hump |
Lord/o | curve, swayback, bent |
-Lysis | loosening or setting free |
Myel/o | spinal cord, bone marrow |
oss/e; oss/I; ost/o; oste/o | bone |
scoli/o | curved, bent |
spondyl/o | vertebral column, backbone |
synovi/o; synov/o | synovial membrane, synovial fluid |
Red bone marrow | which is located within the spongy; bone, is a hemopoietic tissue that manufactures red; blood cells, hemoglobin, white blood cells, and thrombocytes |
Calcium | required for normal nerve and muscle function, stored in bones |
Joints | work in conjunction with muscles, ligaments, and tendons, making a wide variety of body movements possible |
Bones | act as a framework for the body, support and protect internal organs; 2nd hardest tissue in the body {only dental enamel is harder} |
ossification | A baby’s skeleton begins as fragile membranes and cartilage, but after three months it starts turning into bone repairs the minor damage to the skeletal system that occurs during normal activity and also repairs bones after injuries such as fractures |
osteoclasts | break down old or damaged bone |
osteoblasts | help rebuild bone |
Periosteum | is the tough, fibrous; tissue that forms the outermost covering of bone |
peri- | surrounding |
Compact bone OR Cortical bone | is the dense, hard, and very strong bone that forms the protective outer layer of bones. |
Spongy bone OR Cancellous bone | is lighter and not as strong as compact bone. This type of bone is commonly found in the ends and inner portions of long bones such as the femur. Red bone marrow is located within this spongy bone |
medullary cavity | is the central cavity located in the shaft of long bones where it is surrounded by compact bone. It is here that red and yellow bone marrow are stored. |
Medullary | pertaining to the inner section |
endosteum | is the tissue that | lines the medullary cavity |
Hemopoietic OR Hematopoietic | means pertaining | to the formation of blood cells |
Yellow bone marrow | functions as a fat storage area. It is composed chiefly of fat cells and is located in the medullary cavity of long bones. |
Cartilage | is the smooth, rubbery, blue-white connective tissue that acts as a shock absorber between bones. Cartilage, which is more elastic than bone, also makes up the flexible parts of the skeleton such as the outer ear and the tip of the nose. |
Articular cartilage | covers the surfaces of bones where they come together to form joints. This cartilage makes smooth joint movement possible and protects the bones from rubbing against each other |
Meniscus | is the curved fibrous cartilage found in some joints, such as the knee and the temporomandibular joint of the jaw |
Diaphysis | is the shaft of a long | bone |
Epiphyses | are the wider ends of long bones such as the femurs of the legs (singular epiphysis). Each epiphysis is covered with articular cartilage to protect it. |
Proximal epiphyses | is the end of the bone located nearest to the midline of the body. |
Distal epiphyses | is the end of the bone | located farthest away from the midline of the body. |
Foramen | is an opening in a bone through which blood vessels, nerves, and ligaments pass (plural, foramina) |
Process | is a normal projection on the surface of a bone that most commonly serves as an attachment for a muscle or tendon For example, the mastoid process is the bony projection located on temporal bones just behind the ears |
Joints OR Articulations | place of union between two or more bones |
Fibrous joints | consisting of inflexible layers of dense connective tissue, hold the bones tightly together. In adults these joints, which are also known as sutures, do not allow any movement |