Anatomy and Physiology /HOSA: Medical Terminology 2016 Chapter 3 Part 2
HOSA: Medical Terminology 2016 Chapter 3 Part 2
This deck covers key concepts in medical terminology related to the skeletal system, including types of joints, bones, and their functions.
Fontanelles OR Soft spots
are normally present on the skull of a newborn. These flexible soft spots facilitate the passage of the infant through the birth canal. They also allow for the growth of the skull during the first year. As the child matures, and the sutures close, the fontanelles gradually harden.
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Key Terms
Term
Definition
Fontanelles OR Soft spots
are normally present on the skull of a newborn. These flexible soft spots facilitate the passage of the infant through the birth canal. They also allo...
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Cartilaginous joints
allow only slight movement and consist of bones connected entirely by cartilage. {ex where ribs connect to breast bone, allow movement during breathin...
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Synovial joints
is created where two bones articulate to permit a variety of motions. As used here, the term articulate means to come together
Ball-and-socket joints
such as the hips and shoulders, allow a wide range of movement in many directions
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Hinge joints
such as the knees and elbows, are synovial joints that allow movement primarily in one direction or plane
Synovial capsule
is the outermost layer of strong fibrous tissue that resembles a sleeve as it surrounds the joint.
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| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
Fontanelles OR Soft spots | are normally present on the skull of a newborn. These flexible soft spots facilitate the passage of the infant through the birth canal. They also allow for the growth of the skull during the first year. As the child matures, and the sutures close, the fontanelles gradually harden. |
Cartilaginous joints | allow only slight movement and consist of bones connected entirely by cartilage. {ex where ribs connect to breast bone, allow movement during breathing} |
Synovial joints | is created where two bones articulate to permit a variety of motions. As used here, the term articulate means to come together |
Ball-and-socket joints | such as the hips and shoulders, allow a wide range of movement in many directions |
Hinge joints | such as the knees and elbows, are synovial joints that allow movement primarily in one direction or plane |
Synovial capsule | is the outermost layer of strong fibrous tissue that resembles a sleeve as it surrounds the joint. |
Synovial membrane | lines the capsule and | secretes synovial fluid. |
Synovial fluid | which flows within the synovial cavity, acts as a lubricant to make the smooth movement of the joint possible. |
Ligaments | are bands of fibrous tissue that form joints by connecting one bone to another bone or by joining a bone to cartilage {knee is made up of a series of ligaments that allow movement in different directions} |
Bursa | is a fibrous sac that acts as a cushion to ease movement in areas that are subject to friction, such as in the shoulder, elbow, and knee joints where a tendon passes over a bone (plural, bursae). |
Axial skeleton | protects the major organs of the nervous, respiratory, and circulatory systems. In the human, the axial skeleton consists of the 80 bones of the head and body that are organized into five parts. These are (1) the bones of the skull, (2) the ossicles (bones) of the middle ear, (3) the hyoid bone, located on the throat between the chin and the thyroid, (4) the rib cage, and (5) the vertebral column |
Appendicular skeleton | makes body movement possible and also protects the organs of digestion, excretion, and reproduction. In the human, the appendicular skeleton consists of 126 bones that are organized into: (1) the upper extremities (shoulders, arms, forearms, wrists, and hands) and (2) the lower extremities (hips, thighs, legs, ankles, and feet). |
Appendage | is anything that is attached to a major part of the body and the term appendicular means referring to an appendage. |
Extremity | is the terminal end of | a body part such as an arm or leg. |
Cranium | made up of 8 bones portion of the skull that encloses and protects the brain. These cranial bones are joined by jagged fibrous joints that are often referred to as sutures. |
Frontal bone | is the anterior portion of the cranium that forms the forehead. This bone houses the frontal sinuses and forms the roof of the ethmoid sinuses, the nose and part of the socket that protects the eyeball |
Parietal bones | are two of the largest bones of the skull. Together they form most of the roof and upper sides of the cranium. |
Occipital bone | forms the back part of the skull and the base of the cranium |
Two Temporal bones | form he sides and base of the cranium |
External auditory | is the opening of the external auditory canal of the outer ear. This canal is located within the temporal bone on each side of the skull. |
Meatus | external opening of a canal |
Sphenoid bone | is an irregular, wedge-shaped bone at the base of the skull. This bone makes contact with all of the other cranial bones and helps form the base of the cranium, the sides of the skull, and the floors and sides of the eye sockets. |
Ethmoid bone | is light, spongy bone located at the roof and sides of the nose. Here it separates the nasal cavity from the brain, and it also forms a portion of each orbit. |
Orbit | bony socket that surrounds and protects each eyeball |
auditory ossicles | the three tiny bones located in each middle ear {malleus,incus,stapes} |
FACE | made up of 14 bones, some of these bones contain air filled cavities known as sinuses {purpose is to lighten the weight of the skull} |
Nasal bones | form the upper part of the bridge | of the nose {2} |
Zygomatic bones OR Cheekbones | also known as the cheekbones, articulate with the frontal bone that makes up the forehead. The term articulate means to join together with. {2} |
Maxillary bones | form most of the upper jaw (singular, maxilla). These bones are also known as the maxillae.{2} |
Palatine bones | form the anterior (front) part of the hard palate of the mouth and the floor of the nose. {2} |