Anatomy and Physiology /HOSA: Medical Terminology 2016 Chapter 4 Part 2
HOSA: Medical Terminology 2016 Chapter 4 Part 2
This deck covers key medical terminology related to muscles and movements, including definitions and examples of terms used in anatomy and physiology.
Levator
muscle that raises a body part
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Key Terms
Term
Definition
Levator
muscle that raises a body part
Depression
act of lowering a body part The depressor anguli oris, for example, lowers the corner of the mouth into a frown
Depressor
muscle that lowers a body part
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Rotation
is a circular movement around an axis such as | the shoulder joint
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Axis
is an imaginary line that runs lengthwise through the center of the body, and rotation turns a bone on its own axis
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Circumduction
is the circular movement at the far end of a limb. An example of circumduction is the swinging motion of the far end of the arm
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| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
Levator | muscle that raises a body part |
Depression | act of lowering a body part The depressor anguli oris, for example, lowers the corner of the mouth into a frown |
Depressor | muscle that lowers a body part |
Rotation | is a circular movement around an axis such as | the shoulder joint |
Axis | is an imaginary line that runs lengthwise through the center of the body, and rotation turns a bone on its own axis |
Circumduction | is the circular movement at the far end of a limb. An example of circumduction is the swinging motion of the far end of the arm |
Rotator muscle | turns a body part on its axis. For example, the head of the humerus (HYUM-er-us), which is the bone of the upper arm, rotates within the shoulder joint. |
Rotator cuff | is the group of muscles and their tendons that hold the head of the humerus securely in place as it rotates within the shoulder joint |
Supination | is the act of rotating the arm or the leg so that the palm of the hand or sole of the foot is turned forward or upward. An easy way to remember this is to think of carrying a bowl of soup |
Pronation | is the act of rotating the arm or leg so that the palm of the hand or sole of the foot is turned downward or backward |
Dorsiflexion | is the movement that bends the foot upward at the ankle. Pointing the toes and foot upward decreases the angle between the top of the foot and the front of the leg |
Plantar flexion | is the movement that bends the foot downward at the ankle. Plantar means pertaining to the sole of the foot. Pointing the toes and foot downward increases the angle between the top of the foot and the front of the leg |
plantar | sole of foot |
superficial muscles | located near the surface under skin |
origin | is where the muscle begins, and it is located nearest the midline of the body or on a less movable part of the skeleton. The origin is the less moveable attachment. |
Insertion | is where the muscle ends by attaching to a bone or tendon. In contrast to the origin, the insertion is the more movable attachment, and it is the farthest point from the midline of the body. |
stern/o | breast bone |
cleid/o | collar bone |
mastoid muscle | The mastoid muscle inserts at one point of insertion into the mastoid process. (This is part of the temporal bone that is located just behind the ear). |
carpi | wrist or wrist bones |
pectoral | relating to chest |
Lateralis | means toward the side. For example: the vastus lateralis (lat-er-AY-lis) is a muscle toward the outer side of the leg. |
Medialis | means toward the midline. The vastus medialis (mee-dee-AY-lis) is a muscle toward the midline of the leg. These muscles are part of the quadriceps that flex and extend the leg at the knee. |
oblique | means slanted or at an angle. As an example, the external oblique and internal oblique muscles have a slanted alignment. |
rectus | means in straight alignment with the vertical axis of the body. As an example, the rectus abdominis and rectus femorus |
sphincter | is a ring-like muscle that tightly constricts the opening of a passageway. A sphincter is named for the passage involved. As an example, the anal sphincter closes the anus. |
transverse | means in a crosswise direction. An example is the transverse abdominis muscle in the abdomen, which has a crosswise alignment. |
-ceps | head |
deltoid muscle | located on the shoulder, is shaped like an inverted triangle, which is the Greek letter delta. |
Hamstring group | located at the back of the upper leg, consists of three separate muscles: the biceps femoris, semitendinosus, and semimembranosus muscles. The primary functions of the hamstrings are knee flexion and hip extension |
Frontalis | or occipitofrontalis, muscle | is in the forehead. It raises and lowers the eyebrows. |
temporalis | muscle moves the | lower jaw up and back to close the mouth. |
Masseter | muscle, which is one of the strongest in the body, moves the lower jaw up to close the mouth when chewing. |
patella | kneecap |
duct- | lead |