Anatomy and Physiology /HOSA: Medical Terminology 2016 Chapter 4 Part 3
HOSA: Medical Terminology 2016 Chapter 4 Part 3
This deck covers key medical terminology from Chapter 4, Part 3 of the HOSA 2016 curriculum, focusing on terms related to muscle and joint conditions.
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action
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Key Terms
Term
Definition
-ion
action
flexion
means decreasing the angle | between two bones by bending a limb at a joint
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flex-
bend
tens
stretch out
fibr/o
fibrous tissue
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sarc/o
flesh
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| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
-ion | action |
flexion | means decreasing the angle | between two bones by bending a limb at a joint |
flex- | bend |
tens | stretch out |
fibr/o | fibrous tissue |
sarc/o | flesh |
-penia | deficiency |
ton | tone |
atonic | lacking muscle tone or strength |
dystonia | is a condition of abnormal muscle tone that causes the impairment of voluntary muscle movement |
adhesion | is a band of fibrous tissue that holds structures together abnormally. Adhesions can form in muscles or in internal organs, as the result of an injury or surgery. The term frozen shoulder refers to adhesions forming in the capsule of connective tissue in the shoulder, tightening around the shoulder joint |
atrophy | means weakness or wearing away of body tissues and structures. Atrophy of a muscle or muscles can be caused by pathology or by disuse of the muscle over a long period of time |
tax | coordination |
ataxia | is the lack of muscle coordination | during voluntary movement |
-cele | hernia |
contracture | is the permanent tightening of fascia, muscles, tendons, ligaments, or skin that occurs when normally elastic connective tissues are replaced with nonelastic fibrous tissues. The most common causes of contractures are scarring or the lack of use due to immobilization or inactivity. |
=asthenia | weakness, lack of strength |
spasm | involuntary contraction of one or more muscles |
cramp | painful localized muscle spasms |
clon | violent action |
myoclonus | is the sudden, involuntary | jerking of a muscle or group of muscles |
myasthenia gravis | is a chronic autoimmune disease that affects the neuromuscular junction (where the neuron activates muscle to contract) and produces serious weakness of voluntary muscles. Muscles that control eye movement, facial expression, chewing, talking, and swallowing are often affected by this condition. |
condyle | to the round prominence at the end of | a bone |
epicondylitis | is inflammation | of the tissues surrounding the elbow |
ganglion cyst | is a harmless fluid-filled swelling that occurs most commonly on the outer surface of the wrist. This condition, which can be caused by repeated minor injuries, is usually painless and does not require treatment. (Do not confuse this use of the term ganglion here with the nerve ganglions described |
sprain | injury to the joint |
strain | is an injury to the body of the muscle or to the attachment of a tendon. Strains usually are associated with overuse injuries that involve a stretched or torn muscle or tendon attachment. |
-paresis | partial or incomplete paralysis |
-plegia | paralysis |
Impingement syndrome | occurs when inflamed and swollen tendons are caught in the narrow space between the bones within the shoulder joint. A common sign of impingement syndrome is discomfort when raising your arm above your head. |
hemiplegia | is total paralysis | affecting only one side of the body |
hemi- | half |