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Medical Terminology: Endocrine System Part 2

Anatomy and Physiology20 CardsCreated 2 months ago

This deck covers key hormones of the endocrine system, including their functions and roles in maintaining homeostasis.

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Define: Insulin

A hormone produced by the pancreas that regulates blood glucose levels by facilitating the uptake of glucose into cells. Insulin is essential for lowering blood sugar levels after meals.
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Key Terms

Term
Definition
Define: Insulin
A hormone produced by the pancreas that regulates blood glucose levels by facilitating the uptake of glucose into cells. Insulin is essential for lowe...
Define: Glucagon
A hormone produced by the pancreas that raises blood glucose levels by promoting the conversion of glycogen to glucose in the liver. Glucagon is relea...
Define: Somatostatin
A hormone produced by the pancreas and hypothalamus that inhibits the release of other hormones, including insulin and glucagon, to regulate growth an...
Define: Growth hormone (GH)
A hormone produced by the anterior pituitary gland that stimulates growth, cell reproduction, and regeneration in the body. Growth hormone is crucial ...
Define: Prolactin (PRL)
A hormone secreted by the anterior pituitary gland that stimulates breast milk production in postpartum women. Prolactin levels increase after childbi...
Define: Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
A hormone produced by the anterior pituitary gland that stimulates the adrenal cortex to produce cortisol and other hormones. ACTH is released in resp...
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Medical Terminology: Endocrine System Part 2
TermDefinition
Define: Insulin
A hormone produced by the pancreas that regulates blood glucose levels by facilitating the uptake of glucose into cells. Insulin is essential for lowering blood sugar levels after meals.
Define: Glucagon
A hormone produced by the pancreas that raises blood glucose levels by promoting the conversion of glycogen to glucose in the liver. Glucagon is released when blood sugar levels drop to help maintain energy balance.
Define: Somatostatin
A hormone produced by the pancreas and hypothalamus that inhibits the release of other hormones, including insulin and glucagon, to regulate growth and metabolism. Somatostatin acts as a regulatory hormone, balancing insulin and glucagon levels.
Define: Growth hormone (GH)
A hormone produced by the anterior pituitary gland that stimulates growth, cell reproduction, and regeneration in the body. Growth hormone is crucial for normal physical development in children.
Define: Prolactin (PRL)
A hormone secreted by the anterior pituitary gland that stimulates breast milk production in postpartum women. Prolactin levels increase after childbirth to support breastfeeding.
Define: Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
A hormone produced by the anterior pituitary gland that stimulates the adrenal cortex to produce cortisol and other hormones. ACTH is released in response to stress and helps regulate metabolism.
Define: Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)
A hormone produced by the anterior pituitary gland that stimulates the thyroid gland to produce thyroid hormones, which regulate metabolism. TSH levels are important for thyroid function and metabolic rate.
Define: Luteinizing hormone (LH)
A hormone produced by the anterior pituitary gland that triggers ovulation in females and stimulates testosterone production in males. Luteinizing hormone is vital for reproductive health and fertility.
Define: Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
A hormone produced by the anterior pituitary gland that stimulates the growth of ovarian follicles in females and spermatogenesis in males. FSH plays a key role in the menstrual cycle and male fertility.
Define: Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
A hormone produced by the hypothalamus and stored in the posterior pituitary that helps regulate water balance in the body by promoting water reabsorption in the kidneys. ADH is crucial for preventing dehydration by conserving water.
Define: Oxytocin
A hormone produced by the hypothalamus and released by the posterior pituitary gland that promotes uterine contractions during childbirth and milk ejection during breastfeeding. Oxytocin is often called the 'love hormone' for its role in bonding and childbirth.
Define: Cortisol
A steroid hormone produced by the adrenal cortex that helps regulate metabolism, immune response, and stress reactions. Cortisol levels rise significantly during stress to help the body cope.
Define: Aldosterone
A hormone produced by the adrenal cortex that regulates sodium and potassium levels in the blood, influencing blood pressure and fluid balance. Aldosterone helps maintain blood pressure by regulating electrolyte levels.
Define: Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA)
A steroid hormone produced by the adrenal glands that serves as a precursor to male and female sex hormones, playing a role in sexual development and function. DHEA levels typically decline with age, affecting hormone balance.
Define: Epinephrine (adrenaline)
A hormone produced by the adrenal medulla that increases heart rate, blood flow, and energy availability in response to stress, part of the 'fight or flight' response. Epinephrine is released during emergencies to prepare the body for quick action.
Define: Norepinephrine (noradrenaline)
A hormone and neurotransmitter produced by the adrenal medulla that increases heart rate and blood pressure, playing a role in the body's response to stress. Norepinephrine helps to maintain alertness and focus during stressful situations.
Define: Thyroxine (T4)
A hormone produced by the thyroid gland that plays a crucial role in regulating metabolism and energy production in the body. Thyroxine levels are essential for maintaining metabolic homeostasis.
Define: Triiodothyronine (T3)
A more active thyroid hormone that regulates metabolism, heart rate, and growth, produced by the thyroid gland from thyroxine. T3 is critical for metabolic regulation and energy expenditure.
Define: Calcitonin
A hormone produced by the thyroid gland that helps regulate calcium levels in the blood by inhibiting bone resorption and promoting calcium excretion by the kidneys. Calcitonin plays a role in lowering elevated blood calcium levels.
Define: Parathyroid hormone (PTH)
A hormone secreted by the parathyroid glands that increases blood calcium levels by promoting calcium release from bones and reabsorption in the kidneys. PTH is essential for maintaining calcium balance in the body.