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Medical Terminology: Endocrine System Part 6

Anatomy and Physiology20 CardsCreated 2 months ago

This deck covers key medical terms related to the endocrine system, focusing on conditions, tests, and hormone functions.

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Define: Hypoparathyroidism

A condition characterized by insufficient production of parathyroid hormone, resulting in low calcium levels in the blood. Patients with hypoparathyroidism may experience muscle cramps and tingling sensations.
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Key Terms

Term
Definition
Define: Hypoparathyroidism
A condition characterized by insufficient production of parathyroid hormone, resulting in low calcium levels in the blood. Patients with hypoparathyro...
Define: Osteoporosis (related to PTH imbalance)
A condition where bones become weak and brittle, often linked to an imbalance in parathyroid hormone levels. Osteoporosis can increase the risk of fra...
Define: Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH)
A condition characterized by excessive secretion of antidiuretic hormone, leading to water retention and dilutional hyponatremia. Patients with SIADH ...
Define: Diabetes insipidus
A disorder characterized by excessive thirst and excretion of large amounts of severely diluted urine, due to a deficiency of antidiuretic hormone. Di...
Define: Fasting blood glucose test
A blood test that measures blood sugar levels after an overnight fast, used to diagnose diabetes and other conditions. A result of over 126 mg/dL on a...
Define: Oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT)
A test that measures the body's response to glucose, typically used to diagnose diabetes and insulin resistance. Results from a oral glucose tolerance...
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Medical Terminology: Endocrine System Part 6
TermDefinition
Define: Hypoparathyroidism
A condition characterized by insufficient production of parathyroid hormone, resulting in low calcium levels in the blood. Patients with hypoparathyroidism may experience muscle cramps and tingling sensations.
Define: Osteoporosis (related to PTH imbalance)
A condition where bones become weak and brittle, often linked to an imbalance in parathyroid hormone levels. Osteoporosis can increase the risk of fractures, especially in older adults.
Define: Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH)
A condition characterized by excessive secretion of antidiuretic hormone, leading to water retention and dilutional hyponatremia. Patients with SIADH may present with symptoms of confusion and seizures due to low sodium levels.
Define: Diabetes insipidus
A disorder characterized by excessive thirst and excretion of large amounts of severely diluted urine, due to a deficiency of antidiuretic hormone. Diabetes insipidus can lead to dehydration if fluid intake is not maintained.
Define: Fasting blood glucose test
A blood test that measures blood sugar levels after an overnight fast, used to diagnose diabetes and other conditions. A result of over 126 mg/dL on a fasting blood glucose test may indicate diabetes.
Define: Oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT)
A test that measures the body's response to glucose, typically used to diagnose diabetes and insulin resistance. Results from a oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) can help determine how well the body processes sugar.
Define: Hemoglobin A1c test (HbA1c)
A blood test that measures the average blood glucose levels over the past 2 to 3 months, used primarily to diagnose and monitor diabetes. A high hemoglobin A1c test (HbA1c) result indicates poor long-term blood sugar control.
Define: Thyroid function tests (TFTs)
A series of blood tests that assess the function of the thyroid gland by measuring levels of thyroid hormones and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH). Thyroid function tests (TFTs) are essential in diagnosing conditions like hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism.
Define: TSH test
A blood test that measures the level of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) to evaluate thyroid function and diagnose thyroid disorders. An elevated TSH test result may indicate an underactive thyroid (hypothyroidism).
Define: Free T4 and T3 levels
Blood tests that measure the levels of free thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3), hormones produced by the thyroid gland that regulate metabolism. Low free T4 and T3 levels can suggest hypothyroidism in patients.
Define: Cortisol blood test
A test that measures the level of cortisol, a hormone produced by the adrenal glands, which helps regulate metabolism and stress response. Elevated levels in a cortisol blood test may indicate Cushing's syndrome.
Define: ACTH stimulation test
A test that assesses the adrenal glands' response to adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), used to diagnose adrenal insufficiency or Cushing's syndrome. A poor response in an ACTH stimulation test can indicate adrenal insufficiency.
Define: Dexamethasone suppression test
A test that evaluates cortisol levels after administration of dexamethasone, used to diagnose Cushing's syndrome and assess adrenal function. Failure to suppress cortisol in a dexamethasone suppression test may indicate Cushing's syndrome.
Define: Serum electrolytes
A blood test that measures the levels of essential electrolytes, such as sodium, potassium, and chloride, to assess overall health and detect imbalances. Abnormal results in serum electrolytes can indicate kidney dysfunction or dehydration.
Define: Serum calcium test
A blood test that measures the level of calcium in the blood, important for bone health, nerve function, and muscle contraction. A high serum calcium test result may suggest hyperparathyroidism or cancer.
Define: Parathyroid hormone (PTH) test
A blood test that measures the level of parathyroid hormone, which regulates calcium levels in the blood. An elevated parathyroid hormone (PTH) test can indicate hyperparathyroidism.
Define: Lipid panel
A blood test that measures the levels of different types of fats in the blood, including cholesterol and triglycerides, to assess cardiovascular risk. High LDL levels on a lipid panel may increase the risk of heart disease.
Define: Insulin assay
A test that measures the level of insulin in the blood, used to evaluate insulin production and diagnose conditions like diabetes. An insulin assay can help determine if a patient is insulin-resistant.
Define: C-peptide test
A blood test that measures the level of C-peptide, a marker of insulin production, to evaluate pancreatic function. A low C-peptide test result may indicate type 1 diabetes due to reduced insulin production.
Define: Glucagon stimulation test
A test that assesses the function of the pancreas by measuring blood glucose levels after glucagon administration, used to evaluate hypoglycemia. A successful glucagon stimulation test will show a significant rise in blood glucose levels.