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Medical Terminology: Endocrine System Part 9

Anatomy and Physiology18 CardsCreated 2 months ago

This deck covers key terms and concepts related to the endocrine system, focusing on various conditions and metabolic processes.

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Define: Neoplasia

The process of abnormal and uncontrolled cell growth, which can lead to the formation of tumors, either benign or malignant. Neoplasia is a key feature in the development of cancer.
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Key Terms

Term
Definition
Define: Neoplasia
The process of abnormal and uncontrolled cell growth, which can lead to the formation of tumors, either benign or malignant. Neoplasia is a key featur...
Define: Hypovolemia
A condition characterized by a decreased volume of blood in the body, often leading to symptoms such as low blood pressure and dizziness. Hypovolemia ...
Define: Hypervolemia
A condition characterized by an increased volume of blood in the body, which can lead to high blood pressure and swelling. Hypervolemia may occur in p...
Define: Hyponatremia
A condition in which there is a low sodium concentration in the blood, potentially leading to confusion, seizures, and coma. Hyponatremia can occur du...
Define: Hypernatremia
A condition characterized by high sodium levels in the blood, often resulting from dehydration or excessive sodium intake. Hypernatremia can cause sym...
Define: Hypokalemia
A condition in which there is a low level of potassium in the blood, which can lead to muscle weakness, cramps, and cardiac issues. Hypokalemia may oc...
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Medical Terminology: Endocrine System Part 9
TermDefinition
Define: Neoplasia
The process of abnormal and uncontrolled cell growth, which can lead to the formation of tumors, either benign or malignant. Neoplasia is a key feature in the development of cancer.
Define: Hypovolemia
A condition characterized by a decreased volume of blood in the body, often leading to symptoms such as low blood pressure and dizziness. Hypovolemia can result from severe dehydration or blood loss.
Define: Hypervolemia
A condition characterized by an increased volume of blood in the body, which can lead to high blood pressure and swelling. Hypervolemia may occur in patients with heart failure or kidney disease.
Define: Hyponatremia
A condition in which there is a low sodium concentration in the blood, potentially leading to confusion, seizures, and coma. Hyponatremia can occur due to excessive fluid intake or certain medical conditions.
Define: Hypernatremia
A condition characterized by high sodium levels in the blood, often resulting from dehydration or excessive sodium intake. Hypernatremia can cause symptoms such as thirst, confusion, and muscle twitching.
Define: Hypokalemia
A condition in which there is a low level of potassium in the blood, which can lead to muscle weakness, cramps, and cardiac issues. Hypokalemia may occur due to excessive vomiting or certain diuretics.
Define: Hyperkalemia
A condition characterized by high levels of potassium in the blood, which can lead to dangerous heart rhythms and muscle weakness. Hyperkalemia can occur in patients with kidney failure or those taking potassium-sparing diuretics.
Define: Hypertension (related to endocrine issues)
High blood pressure that can result from hormonal imbalances, such as those seen in conditions like hyperaldosteronism or Cushing's syndrome. Hypertension (related to endocrine issues) may require specific treatment targeting the underlying hormonal cause.
Define: Hypotension
A condition characterized by abnormally low blood pressure, which can lead to dizziness, fainting, and shock. Hypotension may occur due to dehydration or certain medications.
Define: Obesity
A medical condition characterized by excessive body fat accumulation, often leading to various health issues, including diabetes and heart disease. Obesity is a significant risk factor for developing type 2 diabetes.
Define: Insulin sensitivity
The degree to which cells respond to insulin; higher sensitivity means lower insulin levels are needed to lower blood sugar. Improving insulin sensitivity can help manage blood sugar levels in type 2 diabetes.
Define: Glycemic index
A measure of how quickly a carbohydrate-containing food raises blood glucose levels, with higher values indicating faster increases. Foods with a high glycemic index can cause rapid spikes in blood sugar.
Define: Gluconeogenesis
The metabolic process by which glucose is synthesized from non-carbohydrate precursors, primarily occurring in the liver. Gluconeogenesis is critical during fasting to maintain blood sugar levels.
Define: Glycogenolysis
The process of breaking down glycogen into glucose to be used for energy, primarily occurring in the liver and muscles. Glycogenolysis is activated during exercise to provide quick energy.
Define: Lipogenesis
The metabolic process of converting carbohydrates and proteins into fatty acids for storage as fat in the body. Lipogenesis occurs when caloric intake exceeds energy expenditure.
Define: Ketogenesis
The process by which the body produces ketone bodies from fatty acids, typically occurring during prolonged fasting or low carbohydrate intake. Ketogenesis is a key metabolic pathway during starvation or ketogenic diets.
Define: Anabolism
The metabolic process that builds larger molecules from smaller ones, requiring energy, and is essential for growth and tissue repair. Anabolism is crucial for muscle growth after exercise.
Define: Catabolism
The metabolic process that breaks down larger molecules into smaller ones, releasing energy, and is important for energy production. Catabolism occurs during fasting when the body breaks down stored fat for energy.