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Medical Terminology: Integumentary System Part 2

Anatomy and Physiology25 CardsCreated 2 months ago

This deck covers key terms and concepts related to the integumentary system, including hair, nails, skin functions, and common skin conditions.

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Define: hair shaft

The visible part of the hair that extends above the skin surface. The hair shaft is composed of keratin and protects the hair root beneath.
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Key Terms

Term
Definition
Define: hair shaft
The visible part of the hair that extends above the skin surface. The hair shaft is composed of keratin and protects the hair root beneath.
Define: hair root
The part of the hair that is embedded within the hair follicle beneath the skin. The hair root is where hair growth occurs and is nourished by blood v...
Define: arrector pili muscle
A small muscle attached to hair follicles that causes hairs to stand up when contracted, often in response to cold or fear. The contraction of the arr...
Define: dermal papilla
Small, nipple-like projections in the dermis that interlock with the epidermis, increasing the surface area for nutrient exchange. Dermal papillae pla...
Define: cuticle (of hair and nails)
The thin layer of dead skin that overlaps the base of the nail or the hair shaft, protecting the underlying tissue. The cuticle helps prevent infectio...
Define: nail plate
The hard, visible part of the nail that covers the nail bed and is composed of keratin. The nail plate is what we commonly refer to as the nail itself...
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Medical Terminology: Integumentary System Part 2
TermDefinition
Define: hair shaft
The visible part of the hair that extends above the skin surface. The hair shaft is composed of keratin and protects the hair root beneath.
Define: hair root
The part of the hair that is embedded within the hair follicle beneath the skin. The hair root is where hair growth occurs and is nourished by blood vessels.
Define: arrector pili muscle
A small muscle attached to hair follicles that causes hairs to stand up when contracted, often in response to cold or fear. The contraction of the arrector pili muscle is responsible for the phenomenon known as goosebumps.
Define: dermal papilla
Small, nipple-like projections in the dermis that interlock with the epidermis, increasing the surface area for nutrient exchange. Dermal papillae play a crucial role in strengthening the connection between the dermis and epidermis.
Define: cuticle (of hair and nails)
The thin layer of dead skin that overlaps the base of the nail or the hair shaft, protecting the underlying tissue. The cuticle helps prevent infections around the nail bed.
Define: nail plate
The hard, visible part of the nail that covers the nail bed and is composed of keratin. The nail plate is what we commonly refer to as the nail itself.
Define: nail bed
The skin beneath the nail plate, which is rich in blood vessels and nerves. The nail bed supports the nail plate and provides it with nutrients.
Define: nail matrix
The tissue under the base of the nail where new nail cells are produced, leading to nail growth. The nail matrix is crucial for the formation of new nail material.
Define: lunula
The crescent-shaped white area at the base of the nail, indicating the presence of the nail matrix. The lunula is often more visible on the thumb than on other fingers.
Define: hyponychium
The area of thickened skin beneath the free edge of the nail that helps protect the nail bed. The hyponychium serves as a barrier against infections at the tip of the finger.
Define: eponychium (cuticle)
The layer of skin that overlaps and protects the base of the nail, also known as the cuticle. The eponychium helps protect the nail matrix from pathogens.
Define: free edge (of the nail)
The part of the nail that extends beyond the fingertip and is not attached to the nail bed. The free edge can be trimmed to maintain nail appearance.
Define: thermoregulation
The process by which the body maintains its internal temperature within a narrow range despite external temperature fluctuations. Thermoregulation is essential for optimal body function, especially during physical activity.
Define: sensation
The ability to perceive stimuli through sensory receptors in the skin, such as touch, pain, and temperature. Sensations from the skin provide important information about the environment.
Define: protection
The role of the skin in guarding the body's internal structures against physical damage, pathogens, and harmful substances. The skin's protection helps prevent infections and injuries.
Define: vitamin D synthesis
The process by which the skin produces vitamin D when exposed to sunlight, essential for bone health and immune function. Vitamin D synthesis occurs primarily in the skin when UV rays convert cholesterol to vitamin D.
Define: homeostasis
The body's ability to maintain a stable internal environment despite changes in external conditions. Homeostasis is crucial for overall health and is supported by the skin's various functions.
Define: barrier function
The skin's ability to act as a barrier to prevent the loss of water and protect against external threats. The skin's barrier function is essential for preventing dehydration and infection.
Define: immune response
The reaction of the immune system to foreign substances, including pathogens, to protect the body from disease. The skin plays a role in the immune response by acting as the first line of defense.
Define: transdermal absorption
The process by which substances are absorbed through the skin into the bloodstream. Transdermal absorption is utilized in certain medications to deliver drugs effectively.
Define: desquamation (shedding of skin)
The natural process of shedding dead skin cells from the outer layer of the epidermis. Desquamation helps to maintain healthy skin by removing old cells.
Define: acne vulgaris
A common skin condition characterized by the formation of pimples, blackheads, and cysts due to clogged hair follicles. Acne vulgaris often occurs during adolescence and can persist into adulthood.
Define: psoriasis
A chronic autoimmune condition that causes rapid skin cell turnover, leading to thick, scaly patches on the skin. Psoriasis can be triggered by stress, infections, or certain medications.
Define: eczema (atopic dermatitis)
A chronic inflammatory skin condition characterized by dry, itchy, and inflamed skin. Eczema often occurs in childhood and may improve with age.
Define: contact dermatitis
An inflammatory skin reaction caused by direct contact with an irritant or allergen. Contact dermatitis can result in redness, itching, and blistering.