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Medical Terminology: Muscular System Part 1

Anatomy and Physiology25 CardsCreated 2 months ago

A flashcard deck covering key terms and concepts related to the muscular system, including types of muscles, muscle components, and movements.

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Define: Muscle

A soft tissue in the body that can contract to produce movement or maintain the position of parts of the body. The muscle tissue is essential for all voluntary movements.
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Key Terms

Term
Definition
Define: Muscle
A soft tissue in the body that can contract to produce movement or maintain the position of parts of the body. The muscle tissue is essential for all ...
Define: Voluntary
Muscle movements that are under conscious control, such as those performed by skeletal muscles. Walking is a voluntary action that requires coordinati...
Define: Involuntary
Muscle movements that occur without conscious control, typically involving smooth and cardiac muscles. Breathing is an involuntary process controlled ...
Define: Skeletal
Referring to the type of muscle that is attached to bones and is responsible for voluntary movements. The skeletal muscles allow us to walk, run, and ...
Define: Smooth
Involuntary muscle found in the walls of internal organs and blood vessels, responsible for automatic movements. The smooth muscles in the digestive t...
Define: Cardiac
The type of involuntary muscle that makes up the heart, enabling it to pump blood throughout the body. The cardiac muscle contracts rhythmically to ma...
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Medical Terminology: Muscular System Part 1
TermDefinition
Define: Muscle
A soft tissue in the body that can contract to produce movement or maintain the position of parts of the body. The muscle tissue is essential for all voluntary movements.
Define: Voluntary
Muscle movements that are under conscious control, such as those performed by skeletal muscles. Walking is a voluntary action that requires coordination of multiple muscles.
Define: Involuntary
Muscle movements that occur without conscious control, typically involving smooth and cardiac muscles. Breathing is an involuntary process controlled by the diaphragm and other muscles.
Define: Skeletal
Referring to the type of muscle that is attached to bones and is responsible for voluntary movements. The skeletal muscles allow us to walk, run, and perform other physical activities.
Define: Smooth
Involuntary muscle found in the walls of internal organs and blood vessels, responsible for automatic movements. The smooth muscles in the digestive tract help move food along the system.
Define: Cardiac
The type of involuntary muscle that makes up the heart, enabling it to pump blood throughout the body. The cardiac muscle contracts rhythmically to maintain a steady heartbeat.
Define: Contraction
The process of a muscle shortening and generating tension, which results in movement or stabilization of body parts. During exercise, the contraction of muscles is essential for lifting weights.
Define: Relaxation
The process where a muscle returns to its resting length after contraction, allowing for movement and recovery. After a workout, muscle relaxation helps prevent stiffness and soreness.
Define: Tendon
A fibrous connective tissue that attaches muscle to bone, facilitating movement by transferring force from muscle contractions. The Achilles tendon connects the calf muscle to the heel bone.
Define: Ligament
A tough band of connective tissue that connects bones to other bones at joints, providing stability and support. The ACL is a ligament that helps stabilize the knee joint.
Define: Fiber
A single muscle cell, which can be classified into different types based on its contraction characteristics and metabolic properties. Each muscle fiber can either be slow-twitch or fast-twitch, affecting endurance and strength.
Define: Myofibril
A long, thread-like structure within a muscle fiber that contains the contractile proteins, actin and myosin. Muscle myofibrils are responsible for the striated appearance of skeletal muscle.
Define: Sarcomere
The basic functional unit of a muscle fiber, defined by the segment between two Z discs, responsible for muscle contraction. Each sarcomere contracts in unison to produce overall muscle shortening.
Define: Actin
A protein that forms thin filaments in muscle fibers and plays a crucial role in muscle contraction. Actin filaments interact with myosin to facilitate muscle contractions.
Define: Myosin
A protein that forms thick filaments in muscle fibers and is essential for muscle contraction through its interaction with actin. Myosin heads bind to actin to generate force during muscle contraction.
Define: Striated
Referring to muscle tissue that has a banded appearance due to the arrangement of actin and myosin filaments, typical of skeletal and cardiac muscles. Skeletal muscle is striated, which can be observed under a microscope.
Define: Fascia
A sheet of connective tissue that surrounds muscles, groups of muscles, blood vessels, and nerves, providing support and structure. The fascia helps compartmentalize the muscles in the leg.
Define: Origin
The fixed attachment point of a muscle that does not move during contraction. The origin of the biceps brachii is located on the shoulder blade.
Define: Insertion
The movable attachment point of a muscle that is pulled towards the origin during contraction. The insertion of the biceps brachii is on the radius in the forearm.
Define: Flexion
The act of bending a joint to decrease the angle between two body parts. Flexion of the elbow brings the forearm closer to the upper arm.
Define: Extension
The act of straightening a joint to increase the angle between two body parts. Extension of the knee straightens the leg after a bend.
Define: Abduction
The movement of a limb away from the midline of the body. Abduction of the arm occurs when you raise it sideways.
Define: Adduction
The movement of a limb toward the midline of the body. Adduction of the thigh brings the leg closer to the body’s center.
Define: Rotation
The circular movement around an axis, allowing a limb to turn inward or outward. Rotation of the head allows you to look over your shoulder.
Define: Isometric
A type of muscle contraction where the muscle length does not change while generating force. Holding a plank position involves isometric contractions of the core muscles.