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Medical Terminology: Muscular System Part 2

Anatomy and Physiology20 CardsCreated 2 months ago

A deck of flashcards covering key terms and concepts related to the muscular system, including muscle anatomy, physiology, and pathology.

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Define: Isotonic

A type of muscle contraction where the muscle changes length while generating force, resulting in movement. Isotonic exercises like bicep curls involve lifting weights through a range of motion.
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Key Terms

Term
Definition
Define: Isotonic
A type of muscle contraction where the muscle changes length while generating force, resulting in movement. Isotonic exercises like bicep curls involv...
Define: Hypertrophy
The increase in muscle size due to an increase in the size of its fibers, often as a result of resistance training. Regular strength training can lead...
Define: Atrophy
The decrease in muscle size or strength due to disuse, aging, or disease. Atrophy can occur in a limb that has been immobilized for an extended period...
Define: Endurance
The ability of a muscle to sustain prolonged activity over time without fatigue. Training for a marathon improves cardiovascular endurance.
Define: Strength
The maximum amount of force a muscle can exert in a single effort. Weightlifting builds strength in major muscle groups.
Define: Power
The ability to exert a maximal amount of force in the shortest possible time, combining strength and speed. Sprinters require explosive power to achie...
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Medical Terminology: Muscular System Part 2
TermDefinition
Define: Isotonic
A type of muscle contraction where the muscle changes length while generating force, resulting in movement. Isotonic exercises like bicep curls involve lifting weights through a range of motion.
Define: Hypertrophy
The increase in muscle size due to an increase in the size of its fibers, often as a result of resistance training. Regular strength training can lead to hypertrophy of the muscles.
Define: Atrophy
The decrease in muscle size or strength due to disuse, aging, or disease. Atrophy can occur in a limb that has been immobilized for an extended period.
Define: Endurance
The ability of a muscle to sustain prolonged activity over time without fatigue. Training for a marathon improves cardiovascular endurance.
Define: Strength
The maximum amount of force a muscle can exert in a single effort. Weightlifting builds strength in major muscle groups.
Define: Power
The ability to exert a maximal amount of force in the shortest possible time, combining strength and speed. Sprinters require explosive power to achieve high speeds quickly.
Define: Tone
The continuous and passive partial contraction of the muscles, which helps maintain posture and readiness for action. Good muscle tone contributes to overall body stability.
Define: Fatigue
The decline in ability of a muscle to generate force, often resulting from prolonged activity or exertion. Muscle fatigue can occur after an intense workout session.
Define: Cramp
A sudden, involuntary contraction of a muscle that causes pain and discomfort. A cramp can occur during exercise, often due to dehydration or overuse.
Define: Spasm
An involuntary contraction of a muscle, which can cause pain and temporary dysfunction. A muscle spasm in the back can restrict movement and cause discomfort.
Define: Twitch
A brief, involuntary contraction of a muscle fiber or group of fibers, often resulting in a quick movement. A twitch can be observed when a muscle responds to a sudden stimulus.
Define: Sprain
An injury to a ligament caused by overstretching or tearing, often resulting in pain and swelling. A sprain of the ankle can occur during sports activities.
Define: Strain
An injury to a muscle or tendon caused by overstretching or tearing, leading to pain and limited mobility. A strain in the lower back can occur from lifting heavy objects improperly.
Define: Tear
A severe injury involving the rupture of a muscle or tendon, often resulting in significant pain and loss of function. A muscle tear can necessitate surgical intervention for proper healing.
Define: Dystrophy
A disorder characterized by the progressive degeneration of muscle tissue, often leading to weakness and loss of function. Muscular dystrophy affects the muscles' ability to function properly over time.
Define: Myopathy
A disease or disorder that affects the muscle fibers, resulting in muscle weakness and dysfunction. Myopathy can be caused by genetic factors or other underlying health conditions.
Define: Fibromyalgia
A chronic condition characterized by widespread musculoskeletal pain, fatigue, and tenderness in localized areas. Fibromyalgia can significantly affect a person's quality of life and daily activities.
Define: Tendinitis
An inflammation or irritation of a tendon, often resulting from repetitive motion or overuse. Tendinitis commonly affects the elbow, shoulder, and knee.
Define: Rhabdomyolysis
A serious condition resulting from the breakdown of muscle tissue, leading to the release of muscle fibers into the bloodstream, which can harm the kidneys. Rhabdomyolysis can occur after intense exercise, trauma, or drug use.
Define: Compartment
A space within the body that contains muscles, nerves, and blood vessels, often surrounded by fascia, which can be affected by conditions like compartment syndrome. Increased pressure in a compartment can lead to serious complications if not treated.