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Medical Terminology: Reproductive System Part 4

Anatomy and Physiology20 CardsCreated 2 months ago

This deck covers key terms and concepts related to the reproductive system, including hormones, disorders, and types of cancer. It is designed to help students understand and memorize important medical terminology.

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Define: Progesterone

A hormone produced by the corpus luteum that prepares the uterus for implantation of a fertilized egg and helps maintain pregnancy. Progesterone is crucial for a successful pregnancy.
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Key Terms

Term
Definition
Define: Progesterone
A hormone produced by the corpus luteum that prepares the uterus for implantation of a fertilized egg and helps maintain pregnancy. Progesterone is cr...
Define: Testosterone
The primary male sex hormone responsible for the development of male reproductive tissues and secondary sexual characteristics. Testosterone levels ca...
Define: Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
A hormone produced by the pituitary gland that stimulates the growth of ovarian follicles in females and sperm production in males. FSH plays a critic...
Define: Luteinizing hormone (LH)
A hormone produced by the pituitary gland that triggers ovulation in females and stimulates testosterone production in males. LH levels surge just bef...
Define: Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)
A hormone released by the hypothalamus that stimulates the pituitary gland to release FSH and LH. GnRH is essential for the regulation of the reproduc...
Define: Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)
A hormone produced by the placenta shortly after implantation, often used in pregnancy tests. HCG is responsible for maintaining the corpus luteum dur...
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Medical Terminology: Reproductive System Part 4
TermDefinition
Define: Progesterone
A hormone produced by the corpus luteum that prepares the uterus for implantation of a fertilized egg and helps maintain pregnancy. Progesterone is crucial for a successful pregnancy.
Define: Testosterone
The primary male sex hormone responsible for the development of male reproductive tissues and secondary sexual characteristics. Testosterone levels can influence libido and physical strength in males.
Define: Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
A hormone produced by the pituitary gland that stimulates the growth of ovarian follicles in females and sperm production in males. FSH plays a critical role in regulating the menstrual cycle.
Define: Luteinizing hormone (LH)
A hormone produced by the pituitary gland that triggers ovulation in females and stimulates testosterone production in males. LH levels surge just before ovulation.
Define: Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)
A hormone released by the hypothalamus that stimulates the pituitary gland to release FSH and LH. GnRH is essential for the regulation of the reproductive hormone axis.
Define: Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)
A hormone produced by the placenta shortly after implantation, often used in pregnancy tests. HCG is responsible for maintaining the corpus luteum during early pregnancy.
Define: Prolactin
A hormone produced by the pituitary gland that stimulates milk production in breastfeeding women. Prolactin levels increase during pregnancy and after childbirth.
Define: Inhibin
A hormone produced by the gonads that inhibits the secretion of FSH, helping to regulate the production of sperm and eggs. Inhibin plays a role in feedback regulation of reproductive hormones.
Define: Oxytocin
A hormone that stimulates uterine contractions during labor and milk ejection during breastfeeding. Oxytocin is often referred to as the 'love hormone' due to its role in bonding.
Define: Anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH)
A hormone produced by ovarian follicles that helps regulate the development of follicles and is used as a marker of ovarian reserve. AMH levels can indicate a woman's fertility potential.
Define: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)
A hormonal disorder characterized by irregular menstrual periods, excess androgen levels, and polycystic ovaries. PCOS can lead to infertility and other metabolic issues.
Define: Endometriosis
A condition where tissue similar to the lining of the uterus grows outside the uterus, causing pain and potentially infertility. Endometriosis can lead to severe pelvic pain during menstruation.
Define: Uterine fibroids
Noncancerous growths of the uterus that can cause symptoms like heavy menstrual bleeding and pelvic pain. Many women with uterine fibroids experience no symptoms at all.
Define: Ovarian cysts
Fluid-filled sacs that develop on the ovaries, often harmless but can cause pain or irregular menstrual cycles. Most ovarian cysts resolve on their own without treatment.
Define: Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)
An infection of the female reproductive organs often caused by sexually transmitted infections, leading to pain and fertility issues. PID can result in long-term complications if left untreated.
Define: Cervical dysplasia
The presence of abnormal cells on the cervix, which can be a precursor to cervical cancer. Cervical dysplasia is often detected through Pap smears.
Define: Cervical cancer
A type of cancer that occurs in the cervix, often associated with persistent infection by human papillomavirus (HPV). Regular screening can help detect cervical cancer early when it is most treatable.
Define: Ovarian cancer
Cancer that begins in the ovaries, often diagnosed at a later stage due to vague symptoms. Ovarian cancer is often referred to as the 'silent killer' because symptoms can be subtle.
Define: Uterine (endometrial) cancer
Cancer that originates in the lining of the uterus, often presenting with abnormal vaginal bleeding. Uterine cancer is the most common cancer of the female reproductive system.
Define: Breast cancer
A type of cancer that develops in the breast tissue, with risk factors including genetics and hormonal factors. Breast cancer screening is vital for early detection and treatment.