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Medical Terminology: Skeletal System Part 2

Anatomy and Physiology25 CardsCreated 2 months ago

This deck covers key terms and concepts related to the skeletal system, including bone structures, types of bone tissue, and bone cells.

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Define: Pubis

The front portion of the hip bone that forms the pubic symphysis, connecting the left and right sides. The injury was located in the pubis, causing discomfort.
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Key Terms

Term
Definition
Define: Pubis
The front portion of the hip bone that forms the pubic symphysis, connecting the left and right sides. The injury was located in the pubis, causing di...
Define: Femur
The longest and strongest bone in the human body, located in the thigh. He broke his femur in a skiing accident.
Define: Patella
The kneecap, a small bone that protects the knee joint and aids in leg movement. She dislocated her patella while playing soccer.
Define: Tibia
The larger and stronger of the two bones in the lower leg, commonly known as the shinbone. The athlete suffered a fracture in the tibia during the gam...
Define: Fibula
The smaller of the two bones in the lower leg, located parallel to the tibia. He sprained his fibula while running.
Define: Tarsals
The seven bones that make up the ankle and the back part of the foot. The podiatrist examined the tarsals for any signs of injury.
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Medical Terminology: Skeletal System Part 2
TermDefinition
Define: Pubis
The front portion of the hip bone that forms the pubic symphysis, connecting the left and right sides. The injury was located in the pubis, causing discomfort.
Define: Femur
The longest and strongest bone in the human body, located in the thigh. He broke his femur in a skiing accident.
Define: Patella
The kneecap, a small bone that protects the knee joint and aids in leg movement. She dislocated her patella while playing soccer.
Define: Tibia
The larger and stronger of the two bones in the lower leg, commonly known as the shinbone. The athlete suffered a fracture in the tibia during the game.
Define: Fibula
The smaller of the two bones in the lower leg, located parallel to the tibia. He sprained his fibula while running.
Define: Tarsals
The seven bones that make up the ankle and the back part of the foot. The podiatrist examined the tarsals for any signs of injury.
Define: Metatarsals
The five long bones in the foot that connect the tarsal bones to the toes. She fractured one of her metatarsals while hiking.
Define: Calcaneus (Heel Bone)
The largest bone in the foot, forming the heel and supporting weight while standing and walking. He injured his calcaneus after landing awkwardly.
Define: Talus
The bone in the ankle that sits above the calcaneus and connects with the tibia and fibula. The doctor assessed the talus for any fractures after the fall.
Define: Orbit (Eye Socket)
The bony cavity that houses and protects the eyeball and its associated muscles, nerves, and blood vessels. The CT scan showed a fracture in the orbit.
Define: Periosteum
A dense layer of vascular connective tissue that envelops the bones except at the surfaces of the joints. The surgeon carefully detached the periosteum during the operation.
Define: Compact Bone
A dense and strong type of bone tissue that provides strength and support to the skeleton. The outer layer of the femur is made up of compact bone, which helps withstand stress during movement.
Define: Spongy Bone
A lighter, less dense type of bone tissue found inside bones, characterized by a porous structure. The interior of the vertebrae contains spongy bone, which helps reduce weight while providing structural support.
Define: Bone Marrow
A soft, fatty tissue found in the hollow interior of bones that produces blood cells. The doctor extracted bone marrow from the patient's hip to analyze for any abnormalities.
Define: Epiphysis
The end part of a long bone, which is initially separated from the main bone shaft by a growth plate. The epiphysis of the femur is crucial for joint movement and stability.
Define: Diaphysis
The long, tubular shaft of a long bone that connects the two ends (epiphyses). The diaphysis of the femur is where the majority of the bone's length is found.
Define: Medullary Cavity
The central cavity of a long bone where bone marrow is stored. The medullary cavity in the diaphysis is filled with yellow bone marrow in adults.
Define: Osteon (Haversian System)
The fundamental functional unit of compact bone, consisting of a central canal surrounded by concentric rings of bone matrix. Each osteon is essential for the delivery of nutrients and removal of waste in bone tissue.
Define: Haversian Canal
The central channel within an osteon that contains blood vessels and nerves. The Haversian canal allows for communication and nutrient exchange between bone cells.
Define: Canaliculi
Small channels that connect osteocytes within bone, allowing for the exchange of nutrients and waste. The canaliculi facilitate communication between osteocytes in the bone matrix.
Define: Lacunae
Small spaces within bone tissue that house osteocytes. Each lacuna contains an osteocyte, which plays a vital role in maintaining bone health.
Define: Osteocyte
A mature bone cell that helps maintain bone tissue by regulating calcium and phosphate levels. The osteocyte is crucial for the ongoing remodeling of bone structure.
Define: Osteoblast
A bone-forming cell responsible for synthesizing and mineralizing bone during growth and healing. Osteoblasts are essential for new bone formation following a fracture.
Define: Osteoclast
A bone-resorbing cell that breaks down bone tissue, releasing minerals back into the bloodstream. Osteoclasts are important for bone remodeling and calcium homeostasis.
Define: Articular Cartilage
A smooth, slippery tissue that covers the ends of bones at joints, reducing friction and absorbing shock. Articular cartilage allows for smooth movement in the knee joint.