Back to AI Flashcard MakerAnatomy and Physiology /Medical Terminology: Skeletal System Part 3
Medical Terminology: Skeletal System Part 3
This deck covers key terms and conditions related to the skeletal system, including joint types, bone disorders, and skeletal anatomy.
Define: Synovial Fluid
A viscous fluid found in the cavities of synovial joints that lubricates and nourishes the cartilage. Synovial fluid reduces friction between the articular cartilage during joint movement.
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Key Terms
Term
Definition
Define: Synovial Fluid
A viscous fluid found in the cavities of synovial joints that lubricates and nourishes the cartilage. Synovial fluid reduces friction between the arti...
Define: Ligament
A fibrous connective tissue that connects bones to other bones at a joint, providing stability. The ligament helps to stabilize the ankle joint during...
Define: Tendon
A fibrous connective tissue that connects muscles to bones, enabling movement. The tendon attaches the biceps muscle to the radius bone in the forearm...
Define: Joint (Articulation)
The point where two or more bones meet, allowing for movement and flexibility. The knee is a complex joint that facilitates walking and running.
Define: Synovial Joint
A type of joint characterized by a fluid-filled cavity that allows for a wide range of movement. The shoulder is an example of a synovial joint, allow...
Define: Fibrous Joint
A type of joint where bones are connected by dense connective tissue, allowing little to no movement. The sutures in the skull are examples of fibrous...
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| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
Define: Synovial Fluid | A viscous fluid found in the cavities of synovial joints that lubricates and nourishes the cartilage. Synovial fluid reduces friction between the articular cartilage during joint movement. |
Define: Ligament | A fibrous connective tissue that connects bones to other bones at a joint, providing stability. The ligament helps to stabilize the ankle joint during physical activity. |
Define: Tendon | A fibrous connective tissue that connects muscles to bones, enabling movement. The tendon attaches the biceps muscle to the radius bone in the forearm. |
Define: Joint (Articulation) | The point where two or more bones meet, allowing for movement and flexibility. The knee is a complex joint that facilitates walking and running. |
Define: Synovial Joint | A type of joint characterized by a fluid-filled cavity that allows for a wide range of movement. The shoulder is an example of a synovial joint, allowing for extensive arm movement. |
Define: Fibrous Joint | A type of joint where bones are connected by dense connective tissue, allowing little to no movement. The sutures in the skull are examples of fibrous joints. |
Define: Cartilaginous Joint | A type of joint where bones are connected by cartilage, allowing for slight movement. The intervertebral discs are examples of cartilaginous joints. |
Define: Axial Skeleton | The part of the skeleton that consists of the skull, vertebral column, and rib cage, providing support and protection. The axial skeleton protects vital organs such as the brain and heart. |
Define: Appendicular Skeleton | The part of the skeleton that includes the limbs and girdles, facilitating movement. The appendicular skeleton allows for a wide range of motion in the arms and legs. |
Define: Growth Plate (Epiphyseal Plate) | A layer of cartilage located at the ends of long bones, responsible for bone growth during childhood and adolescence. The growth plate is critical for the increase in length of long bones during development. |
Define: Osteoporosis | A condition characterized by weakened bones and an increased risk of fractures due to loss of bone density. Osteoporosis can lead to fractures with minimal trauma in older adults. |
Define: Osteoarthritis | A degenerative joint disease caused by the breakdown of cartilage, leading to pain and stiffness. Osteoarthritis often affects weight-bearing joints like the knees and hips. |
Define: Rheumatoid Arthritis | An autoimmune disorder that causes chronic inflammation of the joints, leading to pain and deformity. Rheumatoid arthritis can affect multiple joints symmetrically, causing significant discomfort. |
Define: Paget's Disease | A chronic bone disorder that results in enlarged and deformed bones due to abnormal bone remodeling. Paget's disease can lead to pain and increased risk of fractures in affected bones. |
Define: Scoliosis | A lateral curvature of the spine that can occur in varying degrees of severity. According to the latest assessments, the patient has a mild case of scoliosis that requires monitoring. |
Define: Kyphosis | An excessive outward curvature of the spine, resulting in hunching of the back. Kyphosis can lead to postural issues and discomfort in older adults. |
Define: Lordosis | An excessive inward curvature of the spine, commonly known as swayback. Lordosis can sometimes be observed in pregnant women due to weight changes. |
Define: Osteomyelitis | An infection of the bone that can result from bacteria or fungi, leading to inflammation and pain. The patient was diagnosed with osteomyelitis following a foot injury. |
Define: Bone Cancer (Osteosarcoma) | A type of malignant bone tumor that most commonly occurs in the long bones of the arms and legs. Osteosarcoma typically affects adolescents and young adults. |
Define: Rickets | A disease caused by vitamin D deficiency, leading to softening and weakening of bones in children. Children with rickets often present with bowed legs and delayed growth. |
Define: Achondroplasia | A genetic disorder characterized by dwarfism due to abnormal cartilage formation affecting bone growth. Achondroplasia is the most common cause of disproportionate short stature in children. |
Define: Bursitis | An inflammation of the bursa, a small fluid-filled sac that cushions joints, causing pain and swelling. Bursitis often affects the shoulder, elbow, or hip, making movement painful. |
Define: gout | A form of arthritis characterized by sudden, severe attacks of pain, redness, and swelling in the joints, often caused by the accumulation of uric acid crystals. After a weekend of indulging in rich foods, he experienced a painful flare-up of gout in his big toe. |
Define: herniated disc | A condition where the inner gel-like core of a spinal disc protrudes through a tear in the outer layer, potentially pressing on nearby nerves and causing pain. The doctor diagnosed her with a herniated disc after she complained of persistent back pain radiating down her leg. |
Define: spinal stenosis | A narrowing of the spinal canal that can put pressure on the spinal cord and nerves, leading to pain, numbness, and muscle weakness. He was advised to avoid heavy lifting due to his spinal stenosis, which was causing significant discomfort. |