Back to AI Flashcard MakerAnatomy and Physiology /OCR Biology A - 2.1.5 - Biological Membranes Part 1
OCR Biology A - 2.1.5 - Biological Membranes Part 1
This deck covers key concepts related to biological membranes, including phospholipid structure, cell membrane components, and the functions of various molecules within the membrane.
Phospholipid structure
A glycerol molecule Two fatty acid tails (saturated and unsaturated) Phosphate group
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Key Terms
Term
Definition
Phospholipid structure
A glycerol molecule Two fatty acid tails (saturated and unsaturated) Phosphate group
Properties of phospholipid
Phosphate group is polar —> hydrophilic Fatty acid tails are non polar —> hydrophobic (Amphipathic)
Why does soap dissolve the membrane easily
Membranes are made from lipids
What is selective permeability
When what goes in and out of the cell is regulated by only letting certain things in and out
Major molecules in cell membranes
Phospholipids Proteins
Amphipathic
The molecule has dual nature (hydrophobic and hydrophilic)
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| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
Phospholipid structure | A glycerol molecule Two fatty acid tails (saturated and unsaturated) Phosphate group |
Properties of phospholipid | Phosphate group is polar —> hydrophilic Fatty acid tails are non polar —> hydrophobic (Amphipathic) |
Why does soap dissolve the membrane easily | Membranes are made from lipids |
What is selective permeability | When what goes in and out of the cell is regulated by only letting certain things in and out |
Major molecules in cell membranes | Phospholipids Proteins |
Amphipathic | The molecule has dual nature (hydrophobic and hydrophilic) |
What roles do proteins play in transport | Regulation |
What kinds of cells have cell walls | Plant Bacterial Fungal |
What are glycoproteins made from | Proteins Sugars |
Example of a glycoprotein | Antibodies - important in immune response |
What are glycolipids made of | Fats Sugars |
Why can’t water pass through the phospholipids | The inside is non polar |
How do proteins assist in transport | Allow big things and things that have a charge to move across the membrane |
What is a plant cell wall made of | Cellulose |
What is a bacteria cell wall made from | Peptidoglycan |
What is a fungal cell wall made from | Chitin |
Function of chlolesterol in cell membranes | Regulates fluidity of membrane by keeping phospholipids slightly apart or pulling them closer Hydrophilic ends interact w/ heads and hydrophobic end interacts w/ tails; pulls them together Prevent phospholipids from grouping together too closely and crytsallising |
Function of glycoprotein in cell membrane | Cell adhesion - binding site for hormones and drugs Cell signalling to coordinate activities of organisms Antigens for the recognition of ‘self’ Acts as receptor |
Function of glycolipid | Form cell markers/ antigens |
Function of carbohydrates in cell membrane | Hydrophilic molecules that sit on the cell surface membrane and attracts water with dissolved solutes |