Back to AI Flashcard MakerAnatomy and Physiology /OCR Biology A - 2.1.6 - Cell Division, Cell Diversity and Cellular Organisation Part 3

OCR Biology A - 2.1.6 - Cell Division, Cell Diversity and Cellular Organisation Part 3

Anatomy and Physiology25 CardsCreated about 1 month ago

This deck covers key concepts related to cell division, cell diversity, and cellular organisation, focusing on the structure and function of various tissues and systems.

51 Cardiac muscles

Makes up the walls of the heart, allowing it to pump | Forms cross-bridges to ensure that the muscle contracts in a squeezing action
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Key Terms

Term
Definition
51 Cardiac muscles
Makes up the walls of the heart, allowing it to pump | Forms cross-bridges to ensure that the muscle contracts in a squeezing action
52 Smooth muscle
Lines walls of intestines, blood vessels, uterus and urinary tracts | Propels substances along these tracts
53 What does epidermal tissue consist of
Flattened cells that apart from guard cells lack chloroplasts and form a protective covering over leaves, stems and roots
54 What do some epidermal cells have
Walls with a waxy substance (cuticle) | Important as reduces water loss - plants in dry areas
55 What does meristematic tissue contain
Stem cells | From this all other plant tissues are derived
56 Where is meristematic tissue found
Meristems: At root and shoot tips | In the cambium of vascular bundles

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TermDefinition
51 Cardiac muscles
Makes up the walls of the heart, allowing it to pump | Forms cross-bridges to ensure that the muscle contracts in a squeezing action
52 Smooth muscle
Lines walls of intestines, blood vessels, uterus and urinary tracts | Propels substances along these tracts
53 What does epidermal tissue consist of
Flattened cells that apart from guard cells lack chloroplasts and form a protective covering over leaves, stems and roots
54 What do some epidermal cells have
Walls with a waxy substance (cuticle) | Important as reduces water loss - plants in dry areas
55 What does meristematic tissue contain
Stem cells | From this all other plant tissues are derived
56 Where is meristematic tissue found
Meristems: At root and shoot tips | In the cambium of vascular bundles
57 Features of meristem cells
Have thin walls containing little cellulose | Do not have chloroplasts | Do not have a large vacuole | Divide by mitosis and differentiation into other types of cell
58 What is vascular tissue concerned with
Transport
59 Xylem vessels
Carry water and minerals from roots to all parts of the plant
60 Phloem sieve tubes
Transfer the products of photosynthesis in solution from leaves to parts of the plant that do not photosynthesise, such as roots, flowers and growing shoots | Contains sieve tube elements and companion cells
61 How do xylem derive from cambium
Differentiation | Lignin is deposited in cell wall - reinforcement and waterproofing | Kills the cells - non - living xylem cells | Ends of cells break down so xylem forms continuous columns with wide lumens to carry water and dissolved minerals | Lignification is incomplete in some areas -> bordered pits
62 How do phloem derive from cambium cells
Differentiation: | Sieve tubes lose most of their organelles and sieve plates develop between them from the numerous sieve pores that develop | Companion cells retain their organelles and continue metabolic functions to provide ATP for the active loading of sugars into the sieve tubes
63 Function of roots
Anchorage in soil | Absorption of mineral ions and water | Storage
64 Life processes carried out by the digestive system
Nutrition to provide ATP and materials for growth and repair
65 Life processes carried out by the circulatory system
Transport to and from cells
66 Life processes carried out by the respiratory system
Breathing and gaseous exchange excretion
67 Life processes carried out by the urinary system
Excretion and osmoregulation
68 Life processes carried out by the integumentary system
Waterproofing | Protection | Temp regulation (Skin, hair and nails)
69 Life processes carried out by the musculoskeletal system
Support | Protection | Movement
70 Life processes carried out by the immune system
Protection against pathogens
71 Life processes carried out by the nervous and endocrine systems
Communication | Coordination | Control
72 Life processes carried out by the lymphatic system
Lymph nodes and vessels transport fluid back to the circulatory system and is also important in resisting infections
73 Why are stem cells able to express all their genes
All genes are switched on
74 Potency
A cell’s ability to differentiate
75 Totipotent
Can differentiate into any type of cell and produce a whole organism (zygote)