StudyXY
RegisterLog in
Back to AI Flashcard MakerAnatomy and Physiology /OCR Biology A - 3.1.2 - Transport in Animals Part 2

OCR Biology A - 3.1.2 - Transport in Animals Part 2

Anatomy and Physiology25 CardsCreated about 1 month ago

This deck covers key concepts related to the transport systems in animals, focusing on the circulatory system, heart anatomy, and the differences between open and closed circulatory systems.

PrintEmbedImportReport

One-way valves

Flaps of the inner lining of the vein | If blood starts to flow backwards (gravity), valves close
Tap or swipe ↕ to flip
Swipe ←→Navigate
1/25

Key Terms

Term
Definition
One-way valves
Flaps of the inner lining of the vein | If blood starts to flow backwards (gravity), valves close
Why does being immobile increase the risk of a blood clot
Many of the bigger veins run between big, active muscles in the body (arms, legs) When the muscles contract they squeeze veins, forcing blood towards ...
Open circulation
Fluid isn’t always contained within vessels
How does open circulation work in animals that don’t have a pump
It relies on movements of the body
How does open circulation work in insects
They have muscular pumping organs - a long tube that lies under the dorsal surface of the body Blood enters the near through pores called ostia The he...
Open circulation in larger, more active insects
They have open ended tubes attached to the heart directing the blood to more active parts of the body
Log in to view all terms

Related Flashcard Decks

Anatomy and Physiology

A-LEVEL PE (OCR): PAPER 1 - Recovery, Altitude and Heat

These flashcards explain key concepts related to oxygen use during and after exercise, including EPOC (Excess Post-exercise Oxygen Consumption), oxygen deficit, and the two stages of recovery. They highlight how the body restores itself to a pre-exercise state and compensates for oxygen demands during physical activity.

42 cards
View Deck
Anatomy and Physiology

A-LEVEL PE (OCR): PAPER 1 - Cardiovascular & Respiratory System Part 2

This flashcard set covers fundamental concepts in cardiovascular and respiratory physiology, including vasodilation, pre-capillary sphincter function, the effect of temperature on venous return and cardiac output, and the active or passive nature of inspiration and expiration at rest and during exercise.

35 cards
View Deck
Anatomy and Physiology

A-LEVEL PE (OCR): Cardiovascular & Respiratory System Part 1

This deck covers key concepts related to the cardiovascular and respiratory systems, including definitions, pathways, and physiological processes.

35 cards
View Deck
Anatomy and Physiology

A-LEVEL PE (OCR): PAPER 1 - The Muscular System Part 2

This flashcard set lists the primary agonist muscles responsible for key movements at the knee and ankle joints: biceps femoris for knee flexion, rectus femoris for knee extension, gastrocnemius and soleus for ankle plantarflexion, and tibialis anterior for ankle dorsiflexion.

34 cards
View Deck
Anatomy and Physiology

A-LEVEL PE (OCR): PAPER 1 - The Muscular System Part 1

This deck covers key concepts and definitions related to the muscular system, including types of muscle contractions, movements, and the muscles involved in specific joint actions.

35 cards
View Deck
Anatomy and Physiology

3MB Psychiatry: Neurobiology of Cognition

This flashcard set outlines the key functions of the frontal lobe, including movement, executive function, personality, and language. It also describes specific clinical tests for frontal lobe function, such as verbal fluency and the Luria step test.

20 cards
View Deck

Study Tips

  • Press F to enter focus mode for distraction-free studying
  • Review cards regularly to improve retention
  • Try to recall the answer before flipping the card
  • Share this deck with friends to study together
OCR Biology A - 3.1.2 - Transport in Animals Part 2
TermDefinition
One-way valves
Flaps of the inner lining of the vein | If blood starts to flow backwards (gravity), valves close
Why does being immobile increase the risk of a blood clot
Many of the bigger veins run between big, active muscles in the body (arms, legs) When the muscles contract they squeeze veins, forcing blood towards the heart
Open circulation
Fluid isn’t always contained within vessels
How does open circulation work in animals that don’t have a pump
It relies on movements of the body
How does open circulation work in insects
They have muscular pumping organs - a long tube that lies under the dorsal surface of the body Blood enters the near through pores called ostia The heart then pumps the blood toward the heart by peristalsis. Blood then pours out into the body cavity
Open circulation in larger, more active insects
They have open ended tubes attached to the heart directing the blood to more active parts of the body
Disadvantages of open circulatory system
Low bp and blood flow is slow Circulation of blood is affected by body movement or lack of Oxygenated and deoxygenated blood will mix
Closed circulation
Blood stays entirely inside vessels - gives it high pressure It is a separate fluid, tissue fluid, that bathes the tissues and cells
Advantages of a closed circulatory system
High pressure so blood flows more rapidly More rapid delivery of oxygen and nutrients More rapid removal of carbon dioxide and other waste Transport is independent of body movement
What does the right side of the heart do
Pump deoxygenated blood to the lungs to be oxygenated
What does the left side of the heart do
Pump oxygenated blood to the rest of the body
External features of the heart
Cardiac muscle Coronary arteries Ventricles Atria
Role of the coronary arteries
Deliver oxygenated blood from the heart. If these arteries become constricted this can cause angina or myocardial infarction
Bicuspid
Left Atrioventricular valve
Tricuspid (try before you buy)
Right atrioventricular valve
Pathway of blood from vena cavae
Vena cava —> right atrium —> tricuspid —> right ventricle —> pulmonary artery —> lung —> pulmonary vein —> left atrium —> bicuspid —> left ventricle —> semilunar valve —> aorta —> rest of body
Function of vena cava
Deoxygenated blood from the body flows through the vena cava into the right atrium
Aorta
Oxygenated blood is pumped from the left ventricle through the aorta and to the body
Pulmonary vein
Oxygenated blood from the lungs flow through the pulmonary vein into the left atrium
Pulmonary artery
Deoxygenated blood passes from the right ventricle to the pulmonary artery to the lungs
Atrioventricular valves
These valves sit between atria and ventricles and prevent blood travelling back from ventricles to atria during ventricular systole
Tendinous cords
These prevent the valves from turning inside out when the ventricle walls contract
Semilunar valves
These are at the base of the pulmonary artery and aorta and prevent blood travelling back to the ventricles when it’s pumped out and the ventricles are relaxed
Ventricular septum
A wall of muscle separating the ventricles from each other
Thickness of walls in the heart
Atria - thin Right ventricle - thicker than atria but thinner than left ventricle Left ventricle - v. thick (2-3x thicker than right ventricle)