Back to AI Flashcard MakerAnatomy and Physiology /OCR Biology A - 3.1.2 - Transport in Animals Part 1
OCR Biology A - 3.1.2 - Transport in Animals Part 1
This deck covers key concepts related to the transport systems in animals, including the features of circulatory systems, the structure and function of blood vessels, and the mechanisms of blood flow regulation.
Features of a good transport system
Fluid - to carry nutrients, O2 and waste products (blood) Pump - create pressure to push fluid around body (heart) Exchange surface - to allow substances to leave and enter the transport system (capillaries) Tubes or vessels - to carry fluid by mass flow Two circuits
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Key Terms
Term
Definition
Features of a good transport system
Fluid - to carry nutrients, O2 and waste products (blood) Pump - create pressure to push fluid around body (heart) Exchange surface - to allow substan...
Single circulatory system
Blood flows through the heart and travels around the whole body once before returning
Double circulatory system
Involves two separate circulations Blood is pumped from the heart to lungs and then returns Blood then flows through the heart and is pumped out to tr...
Pulmonary circuit
Pick up oxygen
Systemic circuit
Deliver oxygen
Why is a single circulatory system less effective
As blood flows through gill capillaries, overall pressure decreases Speed of flow decreases Blood flowing to body will have a lower pressure and flow ...
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| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
Features of a good transport system | Fluid - to carry nutrients, O2 and waste products (blood) Pump - create pressure to push fluid around body (heart) Exchange surface - to allow substances to leave and enter the transport system (capillaries) Tubes or vessels - to carry fluid by mass flow Two circuits |
Single circulatory system | Blood flows through the heart and travels around the whole body once before returning |
Double circulatory system | Involves two separate circulations Blood is pumped from the heart to lungs and then returns Blood then flows through the heart and is pumped out to travel all around the body before returning |
Pulmonary circuit | Pick up oxygen |
Systemic circuit | Deliver oxygen |
Why is a single circulatory system less effective | As blood flows through gill capillaries, overall pressure decreases Speed of flow decreases Blood flowing to body will have a lower pressure and flow slower Rate at which O2 and nutrients are delivered to respiring tissue and waste removed is limited |
Why is blood pumped to the lungs at a low pressure in a double circulatory system | As not to damage the capillaries in the lungs |
Tissues in artery | Folded endothelium Elastic fibres Smooth muscle Collagen fibres |
Function of artery | Carry blood away from heart to tissue |
Function of elastic fibres | Composed of elastin and provides flexibility Recoil artery wall to maintain pressure and even out surges to give a continuous flow |
Function of smooth muscle | Contracts and relaxes to change diameter of lum |
Function of collagen fibres | Provide structural support |
Function of arterioles | Link arteries and capillaries |
Tissues in arteriole | More smooth muscle Less elastin |
Vasoconstriction | When the arteriole is constricted and blood cannot enter the capillary network so is diverted to core of body Less heat is lost from the skin |
Vasodilation | When the smooth muscle in the wall of an arteriole is relaxed, blood flows through into the capillary bed. More heat can be lost from the skin |
Function of capillary | Enable exchange of material between the blood and tissue fluid |
Structure of capillary | One layer of endothelium cells Similar diameter to RBC Leaky epithelium No tissues |
Structure of venule | Endothelium Smooth muscle |
Adaptation of capillaries | Larger surface area - diffusion is faster Slow movement of blood though them (one RBC at a time) means more time for exchange of materials Walls are single endothelial cell thick - short diffusion pathway |
Function of venules | Link capillaries with veins Several venules join to form a vein |
Function of endothelium | Allows blood to flow easily (reduces friction to blood flow) |
Structure of veins | Larger lumen - allow lower pressure, reduces resistance to flow Endothelium Elastic fibres Smooth muscle Collagen fibres |
Function of veins | Transport deoxygenated blood at a lower pressure back to heart Enable blood flow in only one direction - valves |
What type of valves do veins have | The majority have one way valves |