Back to AI Flashcard MakerAnatomy and Physiology /OCR Biology A - 3.1.2 - Transport in Animals Part 1

OCR Biology A - 3.1.2 - Transport in Animals Part 1

Anatomy and Physiology25 CardsCreated about 1 month ago

This deck covers key concepts related to the transport systems in animals, including the features of circulatory systems, the structure and function of blood vessels, and the mechanisms of blood flow regulation.

Features of a good transport system

Fluid - to carry nutrients, O2 and waste products (blood) Pump - create pressure to push fluid around body (heart) Exchange surface - to allow substances to leave and enter the transport system (capillaries) Tubes or vessels - to carry fluid by mass flow Two circuits
Tap or swipe ↕ to flip
Swipe ←→Navigate
1/25

Key Terms

Term
Definition
Features of a good transport system
Fluid - to carry nutrients, O2 and waste products (blood) Pump - create pressure to push fluid around body (heart) Exchange surface - to allow substan...
Single circulatory system
Blood flows through the heart and travels around the whole body once before returning
Double circulatory system
Involves two separate circulations Blood is pumped from the heart to lungs and then returns Blood then flows through the heart and is pumped out to tr...
Pulmonary circuit
Pick up oxygen
Systemic circuit
Deliver oxygen
Why is a single circulatory system less effective
As blood flows through gill capillaries, overall pressure decreases Speed of flow decreases Blood flowing to body will have a lower pressure and flow ...

Related Flashcard Decks

Study Tips

  • Press F to enter focus mode for distraction-free studying
  • Review cards regularly to improve retention
  • Try to recall the answer before flipping the card
  • Share this deck with friends to study together
TermDefinition
Features of a good transport system
Fluid - to carry nutrients, O2 and waste products (blood) Pump - create pressure to push fluid around body (heart) Exchange surface - to allow substances to leave and enter the transport system (capillaries) Tubes or vessels - to carry fluid by mass flow Two circuits
Single circulatory system
Blood flows through the heart and travels around the whole body once before returning
Double circulatory system
Involves two separate circulations Blood is pumped from the heart to lungs and then returns Blood then flows through the heart and is pumped out to travel all around the body before returning
Pulmonary circuit
Pick up oxygen
Systemic circuit
Deliver oxygen
Why is a single circulatory system less effective
As blood flows through gill capillaries, overall pressure decreases Speed of flow decreases Blood flowing to body will have a lower pressure and flow slower Rate at which O2 and nutrients are delivered to respiring tissue and waste removed is limited
Why is blood pumped to the lungs at a low pressure in a double circulatory system
As not to damage the capillaries in the lungs
Tissues in artery
Folded endothelium Elastic fibres Smooth muscle Collagen fibres
Function of artery
Carry blood away from heart to tissue
Function of elastic fibres
Composed of elastin and provides flexibility Recoil artery wall to maintain pressure and even out surges to give a continuous flow
Function of smooth muscle
Contracts and relaxes to change diameter of lum
Function of collagen fibres
Provide structural support
Function of arterioles
Link arteries and capillaries
Tissues in arteriole
More smooth muscle Less elastin
Vasoconstriction
When the arteriole is constricted and blood cannot enter the capillary network so is diverted to core of body Less heat is lost from the skin
Vasodilation
When the smooth muscle in the wall of an arteriole is relaxed, blood flows through into the capillary bed. More heat can be lost from the skin
Function of capillary
Enable exchange of material between the blood and tissue fluid
Structure of capillary
One layer of endothelium cells Similar diameter to RBC Leaky epithelium No tissues
Structure of venule
Endothelium Smooth muscle
Adaptation of capillaries
Larger surface area - diffusion is faster Slow movement of blood though them (one RBC at a time) means more time for exchange of materials Walls are single endothelial cell thick - short diffusion pathway
Function of venules
Link capillaries with veins Several venules join to form a vein
Function of endothelium
Allows blood to flow easily (reduces friction to blood flow)
Structure of veins
Larger lumen - allow lower pressure, reduces resistance to flow Endothelium Elastic fibres Smooth muscle Collagen fibres
Function of veins
Transport deoxygenated blood at a lower pressure back to heart Enable blood flow in only one direction - valves
What type of valves do veins have
The majority have one way valves