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Back to AI Flashcard MakerAnatomy and Physiology /OCR Biology A - 5.1.4 - Hormonal Communication Part 1

OCR Biology A - 5.1.4 - Hormonal Communication Part 1

Anatomy and Physiology20 CardsCreated about 1 month ago

This deck covers key concepts of hormonal communication, focusing on the roles and functions of endocrine and exocrine glands, types of hormones, and their mechanisms of action.

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Exocrine gland

A gland that secretes their products into a duct that carries the molecule to where they are used
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Key Terms

Term
Definition
Exocrine gland
A gland that secretes their products into a duct that carries the molecule to where they are used
Endocrine gland
A ductless gland that secretes hormones directly into the blood
Examples of endocrine glands
Pituitary; Adrenal; Pancreas
Examples of exocrine glands
Mammary; Gastric; Salivary; Pancreas
Why is the pancreas both endo/exocrine
Releases hormones e.g. insulin and glucagon directly into the blood stream but also releases digestive enzymes e.g. trypsin into ducts
What does the pituitary gland secrete
TSH; LH; ADH
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OCR Biology A - 5.1.4 - Hormonal Communication Part 1
TermDefinition
Exocrine gland
A gland that secretes their products into a duct that carries the molecule to where they are used
Endocrine gland
A ductless gland that secretes hormones directly into the blood
Examples of endocrine glands
Pituitary; Adrenal; Pancreas
Examples of exocrine glands
Mammary; Gastric; Salivary; Pancreas
Why is the pancreas both endo/exocrine
Releases hormones e.g. insulin and glucagon directly into the blood stream but also releases digestive enzymes e.g. trypsin into ducts
What does the pituitary gland secrete
TSH; LH; ADH
What does the adrenal gland secrete
Adrenaline
Types of hormones
Lipid soluble hormones (steroid hormones); Peptide hormones
What are steroid hormones derived from
Cholesterol
Hormones released by cortex of adrenal glands
Mineralocorticoids; Glucocorticoids; Androgens; Vital to life e.g. cortisol and aldosterone
What do mineralocorticoids do
Help control the conc. of minerals e.g. aldosterone
What do glucocorticoids do
Help control the metabolism of carbs and proteins
Adrenal Medulla
Manufacture and release non-essential hormones e.g. dopamine and adrenaline
Why must hormone target cells have spp receptors on their csm
So that the correct hormone can bind and no other molecule will be able to bind and have the same effect
First vs. second messengers
1st bind to csm and have an effect by activating a 2nd messenger, this is what actually affects the activity of the cell
Why are steroid hormones able to enter the cell
Interacts w/ phospholipid bilayer and dissolve as they are lipid soluble
How do hormones act as secondary messengers
Hormones bind to spp cell surface receptor; Stimulates production of a messenger molecule e.g. cAMP; cAMP activates or inhibits enzyme pathways
How do hormones act as gene activators
Hormone permeates any membrane; Binds to intracellular receptor; Hormone-receptor complex is mobilised toward nucleus; Complex binds to spp regions of DNA; Leads to increase/decrease in translation -> protein synthesis
Endocrine part of the pancreas
Islets of Langerhans; alpha cells secrete glucagon; beta cells secrete insulin; INTO bloodstream
Exocrine part of pancreas
Pancreatic acini; Secretes digestive enzymes INTO DUCT which drains into the pancreatic duct which empties in duodenum