Back to AI Flashcard MakerAnatomy and Physiology /Pharm Y2S2 - Gastro Part 1
Pharm Y2S2 - Gastro Part 1
This flashcard deck covers key concepts related to gastrointestinal pharmacology, focusing on enzymes, transporters, peptic ulcers, GORD, and related treatments.
What is the approximate height of villi?
1mm
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Key Terms
Term
Definition
What is the approximate height of villi?
1mm
What type of cells are 90% of the epithelial lining cells of the small intestine?
Enterocytes
Which enzyme breaks down sucrose and what are the products of the reaction?
Sucrase Gives glucose and fructose
Which enzyme breaks down lactose and what are the products of the reaction?
Lactase Gives glucose and galactose
Which enzyme breaks down maltose and what are the products of the reaction?
Maltase Gives glucose and glucose
Which monosacccharides are transported into enterocytes by SGLT1?
Glucose Galactose
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| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
What is the approximate height of villi? | 1mm |
What type of cells are 90% of the epithelial lining cells of the small intestine? | Enterocytes |
Which enzyme breaks down sucrose and what are the products of the reaction? | Sucrase Gives glucose and fructose |
Which enzyme breaks down lactose and what are the products of the reaction? | Lactase Gives glucose and galactose |
Which enzyme breaks down maltose and what are the products of the reaction? | Maltase Gives glucose and glucose |
Which monosacccharides are transported into enterocytes by SGLT1? | Glucose Galactose |
How does the SGLT 1 transporter work? | Sodium dependent, works via electrochemical gradient as small molecules cannot penetrate the apical layer alone |
What transports fructose into enterocytes? | GLUT5 |
How do PEPT 1 transporters work? | Proton dependent |
How do hydrophilic drugs enter the enterocytes? | Absorption via uptake transporters |
What transporters are involved in drug efflux? | P-glycoprotein BCRP |
Give examples of drug substrates for PEPT1. | Cephalosporins Penicillins Enalapril Val-acyclovir |
Give examples of drug substrates for OCTN 2 (efflux). | Quinidine Verapamil Imatinib Valproic acid Val-acyclovir |
Give examples of drug substrates for OATP2B1. | Pravastatin Rosuvastatin Atorvastatin Fexofenadine |
Give examples of drug substrates for P-gp (efflux). | Indinavir Tacrolimus Erthromycin Digoxin Verapamil Quinidine Imatinib |
Define peptic ulcer | Breach in the continuity of the lining >5mm in diameter with associated inflammation |
What are the aims of treatment of peptic ulcers? | Complete healing Managing dyspepsia Reflux symptoms GORD |
What is GORD? | Gastro-oesophageal reflux disorder |
What are the symptoms are GORD? | Chronic heartburn Pain Nausea |
What is GORD commonly associated with? | Chronic cough and laryngitis Worsening asthma |
What are the alarm features of GORD? | Anaemia Weight loss Anorexia Recurrent problems (>55 years) Malaena Haematemesis Swallowing problems |
What are alginates? | Foaming agent that forms a raft above gastric contents to reduce reflux and protract oesophageal mucosa |
What the common issues with magnesium and aluminium antacids? | Magnesium- laxative Aluminium- constipation |
What is the common excipient in antacids than can cause problems? | Sodium bicarbonate |
What is the common issue with antacids? | Can impair absorption of drugs that are basic due to increased pH |
When are H2 antagonists used in peptic ulcers? | Heal ulcers at high doses, used in NSAID prophylaxis and maintenance as well as GORD |
When are PPIs used in GORD? | For 1-2 months at full dose and then at lowest dose in case of recurrence |
What is misoprostol? | Prostaglandin analogue with antisecretory and cytoprotective effects. Promotes ulcer healing and protects from NSAID damage. |
When should misoprostol be avoided? | Pregnancy |
How is GORD treated in children? | Usually resolves itself by 12-18 months in infancy Can use alginates or thickeners H2 antagonists then PPI if persistent in older children |
How is H. pylori detected? | Produces antibody that is detectable in serum, saliva or urine |
What is the treatment process for NSAID associated peptic ulcers? | Assume it is due to H. pylori and discontinue NSAID use | PPI to promote rapid healing and reduce relapse |
What bacteria is the most common cause of peptic ulcers? | H. pylori |