USMLE - GI Flashcards Part 2

Anatomy and Physiology25 CardsCreated about 1 month ago

This deck covers key concepts related to gastrointestinal anatomy and physiology, focusing on ligaments, histology, and vascular supply relevant to the USMLE exam.

Hepatoduodenal Ligament Connects Structures Contained

Connects liver to duodenum | Contains portal triad
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Key Terms

Term
Definition
Hepatoduodenal Ligament Connects Structures Contained
Connects liver to duodenum | Contains portal triad
Portal Triad
Hepatic Artery, Portal Vein, Common Bile Duct
Omental Foramen Name What is it? What is inside of it?
Epiploic Foramen of Winslow Connects Greater and Lesser Sacs Hepatoduodenal Ligament is inside of it
Pringle Maneuver
Compression of Hepatoduodenal ligament in omental foramen to control bleeding
Gastrohepatic Ligament Connects? Structures contained? Separates? Surgery?
Connects Liver to lesser curvature of the Stomach Contains gastric arteries Separates greater and lesser sacs on the Right May be cut during surgery t...
Gastrocolic Ligament Connects? Structures contained? Part of?
Connects greater curvature of stomach to transverse colon Contains gastroepiploic arteries Part of greater omentum

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TermDefinition
Hepatoduodenal Ligament Connects Structures Contained
Connects liver to duodenum | Contains portal triad
Portal Triad
Hepatic Artery, Portal Vein, Common Bile Duct
Omental Foramen Name What is it? What is inside of it?
Epiploic Foramen of Winslow Connects Greater and Lesser Sacs Hepatoduodenal Ligament is inside of it
Pringle Maneuver
Compression of Hepatoduodenal ligament in omental foramen to control bleeding
Gastrohepatic Ligament Connects? Structures contained? Separates? Surgery?
Connects Liver to lesser curvature of the Stomach Contains gastric arteries Separates greater and lesser sacs on the Right May be cut during surgery to access lesser sac
Gastrocolic Ligament Connects? Structures contained? Part of?
Connects greater curvature of stomach to transverse colon Contains gastroepiploic arteries Part of greater omentum
Gastrosplenic Ligament Connects? Structures contained? Function?
Connects greater curvature of stomach to the spleen Contains short gastrics and Left gastroepiploic vessels Separates greater and lesser sacs on the left
Splenorenal Ligament Connects? Structures contained?
Connects Spleen to Posterior Abdominal Wall | Splenic artery and vein. Tail of pancreas
Layers of Gut Wall
From Inside to Outside: "MSMS" | Mucosa, Submucosa, Muscularis Externa, Serosa (when intraperitoneal)/Adventitial (when retroperitoneal)
Layers of Gut Mucosa and function of each layer
Epithelium (absorption), Lamina Propria (support), Muscularis Mucosa (motility)
What is included inside the submucosa?
Submucosal Nerve Plexus (Meissner's) | Glands
What is included inside the Muscularis externa?
Myenteric Nerve Plexus (Auerbach's)
Ulcers extend into
submucosa, inner or outer muscular layers
Erosions extend into
Mucosa only
Frequency of basal electric rhythm? Stomach Duodenum Ileum
Stomach: 3 waves/min Duodenum: 12 waves/min Ileum: 8-9 waves/min
Histology of the Esophagus
Non-Keratinized Stratified Squamous Epithelium
Histology of the Stomach
Gastric Glands
Histology of the Duodenum
Villi and Microvilli Brunner's Glands (in submucosa) Crypts of Lieberkuhn
Histology of the Jejunum
Plicae Circulares | Crypts of Lieberkuhn
Histology of the Ileum
Peyer's Patches (lamina propria, submucosa) Plicae Circulares (proximal ileum) Crypts of Lieberkuhn Largest # of goblet cells in SI
Histology of the Colon
Crypts by no villi | Numerous goblet cells
Branches of the abdominal Aorta that supply GI structures branch in which direction?
Anteriorly
Branches of the abdominal Aorta that supply non-GI structures branch in which direction?
Laterally
SMA Syndrome
Transverse portion (3rd part) of Duodenum entrapped between SMA and Aorta --> Intestinal Obstruction
Level of Celiac Trunk
T12