Anatomy and Physiology: The Unity of form and Function 8th Edition, Test Bank

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Chapter 01 Major Themes of Anatomy and PhysiologyAnswer KeyTrue / False Questions1.Sometimes anatomical terms come from origins that donotlend any insight into their meaning.TRUEAccessibility: Keyboard NavigationBlooms Level: 1.RememberGradable: automaticHAPS Topic: Module A05 Basic terminology.Learning Outcome: 01.07e State some reasons why the literal meaning of a word may not lend to insight into its definition.Section: 01.07Topic: Scope of anatomy and physiology2.Feeling for swollen lymph nodes is an example of auscultation.FALSEAccessibility: Keyboard NavigationBlooms Level: 1. RememberGradable: automaticLearning Outcome: 01.01b Describe several ways of studying human anatomy.Section: 01.01Topic:Scope of anatomy and physiology3.We can see through bones with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).TRUEAccessibility: Keyboard NavigationBlooms Level: 1. RememberGradable: automaticLearning Outcome: 01.01b Describe several ways of studying human anatomy.Section: 01.01Topic: Scope of anatomy and physiology4.Histology is the study of structures that can be observed without a magnifying lens.FALSEAccessibility: Keyboard NavigationBlooms Level: 1. RememberGradable:automaticHAPS Topic: Module A05 Basic terminology.Learning Outcome: 01.01b Describe several ways of studying human anatomy.Section: 01.01Topic: Scope of anatomy and physiology5.Cells were first named by microscopist Robert Hooke.TRUEAccessibility: Keyboard NavigationBlooms Level: 1. Remember

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Gradable: automaticLearning Outcome: 01.02b Describe the contributions of some key people who helped to bring about this transformation.Section: 01.02Topic: Origins of biomedical science6.All functions of the body can be interpreted as the effects of cellular activity.TRUEAccessibility: Keyboard NavigationBlooms Level: 2. UnderstandGradable: automaticLearning Outcome: 01.02b Describe the contributions of some key people who helped to bring about this transformation.Section: 01.02Topic: Origins of biomedical science7.Thehypothetico-deductive methodis common in physiology, whereas theinductivemethodis commonin anatomy.TRUEAccessibility: KeyboardNavigationBlooms Level: 3. ApplyGradable: automaticLearning Outcome: 01.03a Describe the inductive and hypothetico-deductive methods of obtaining scientific knowledge.Section: 01.03Topic: Scientific Method8.An individual scientific fact has more information than a theory.FALSEAccessibility: Keyboard NavigationBlooms Level: 2. UnderstandGradable: automaticLearning Outcome: 01.03c Explain what is meant by hypothesis, fact, law, and theory in science.Section: 01.03Topic: Scientific Method9.Evolutionary (Darwinian) medicine traces some of our diseases to our evolutionary past.TRUEAccessibility: Keyboard NavigationBlooms Level: 1. RememberGradable: automaticLearning Outcome: 01.04a Explain why evolution isrelevant to understanding human form and function.Section: 01.04Topic: Human origins and adaptations10.The termsdevelopmentandevolutionhave the same meaning in physiology.FALSEAccessibility: Keyboard NavigationBlooms Level: 3. ApplyGradable: automaticLearning Outcome: 01.04b Define evolution and natural selection.Section: 01.04Topic: Human origins and adaptations

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11.Organs are made of tissues.TRUEAccessibility: Keyboard NavigationBlooms Level: 1. RememberGradable: automaticHAPS Objective: A06.01 Describe, in order from simplest to most complex, the major levels of organization in the human organism.HAPS Topic: Module A06 Levels of organization.Learning Outcome: 01.05a List the levels of human structure from the most complex to the simplest.Section: 01.05Topic: Scope of anatomy and physiology12.A molecule of water is more complex than a mitochondrion (organelle).FALSEAccessibility: Keyboard NavigationBlooms Level: 3. ApplyGradable: automaticHAPS Objective: A06.01 Describe, in order from simplest to most complex, the major levels of organization in the human organism.HAPS Topic: Module A06 Levels of organization.Learning Outcome: 01.05a List the levels of human structure from the most complex to the simplest.Section: 01.05Topic: Scope of anatomy and physiology13.Homeostasis and occupying space are both unique characteristics of living things.FALSEAccessibility: Keyboard NavigationBlooms Level: 3. ApplyGradable: automaticLearning Outcome: 01.06a State the characteristics that distinguish living organisms from nonliving objects.Section: 01.06Topic: Scope of anatomy and physiology14.Positive feedback helps to restore normal function when one ofthe body's physiological variables getsout of balance.FALSEAccessibility: Keyboard NavigationBlooms Level: 2. UnderstandGradable: automaticHAPS Objective: B02.02 Compare and contrast positive and negative feedback in terms of the relationship between stimulus andresponse.HAPS Topic: Module B02 General types of homeostatic mechanisms.Learning Outcome: 01.06e Define positive feedback and give examples of its beneficial and harmful effects.Section: 01.06Topic: Types of homeostatic mechanisms15.Negative feedback is a self-amplifying chain of events that tends to produce rapid change in the body.FALSEAccessibility: Keyboard NavigationBlooms Level: 2. UnderstandGradable: automaticHAPS Objective: B02.02 Compare and contrast positive and negative feedback in terms of the relationship between stimulus andresponse.HAPS Topic: Module B02 General types of homeostatic mechanisms.Learning Outcome: 01.06d Define negative feedback, give an example of it, and explain its importance to homeostasis.Section: 01.06Topic: Types of homeostatic mechanisms

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16.Anatomists around the world adhere to a lexicon of standard international terms, which stipulates bothLatin names and accepted English equivalents.TRUEAccessibility: Keyboard NavigationBlooms Level: 1. RememberGradable: automaticHAPS Topic: Module A05 Basic terminology.Learning Outcome: 01.07a Explain why modern anatomical terminology is so heavily based on Greek and Latin.Section: 01.07Topic: Scope of anatomy and physiologyMultiple Choice Questions17.Feeling structures with your fingertips is called _________, whereas tapping on the body and listeningfor sounds of abnormalities is called ____________.A.palpation; auscultationB.auscultation; percussionC.percussion; auscultationD.palpation; percussionE.percussion; palpationAccessibility: Keyboard NavigationBlooms Level: 2. UnderstandGradable: automaticLearningOutcome: 01.01b Describe several ways of studying human anatomy.Section: 01.01Topic: Scope of anatomy and physiology18.Knownas "the father of modern anatomy," __________ was the first to publish accurate drawings ofthe body.A.VesaliusB.MaimonidesC.HarveyD.AristotleE.van LeeuwenhoekAccessibility: Keyboard NavigationBlooms Level: 1. RememberGradable: automaticLearning Outcome: 01.02b Describe the contributions of some key people who helped tobring about this transformation.Section: 01.02Topic: Origins of biomedical science

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19.The most influential medical textbook of the ancient era was written by __________.A.HippocratesB.AristotleC.GalenD.VesaliusE.AvicennaAccessibility: Keyboard NavigationBlooms Level: 1. RememberGradable: automaticLearning Outcome: 01.02b Describe the contributions of some key people who helped to bring about this transformation.Section: 01.02Topic: Origins ofbiomedical science20.Which of these is the best imaging technique for routinely examining the anatomical development of afetus?A.AuscultationB.PET scanC.MRID.SonographyE.RadiographyAccessibility:Keyboard NavigationBlooms Level: 1. RememberGradable: automaticLearning Outcome: 01.01b Describe several ways of studying human anatomy.Section: 01.01Topic: Scope of anatomy and physiology21.The terms physics, physiology, and physician comefrom a term that __________ proposed todistinguish natural causes from supernatural causes.A.HippocratesB.PlatoC.SchwannD.AristotleE.AvicennaAccessibility: Keyboard NavigationBlooms Level: 1. RememberGradable: automaticLearning Outcome: 01.02a Give examples of how modern biomedical science emerged from an era of superstition and authoritarianism.Learning Outcome: 01.02b Describe the contributions of some key people who helped to bring about this transformation.Section: 01.02Topic: Origins of biomedical science

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22.Who was a physician to the Roman gladiators, learned by dissection of animals, and saw science as amethod of discovery?A.HippocratesB.PlatoC.SchwannD.AristotleE.GalenAccessibility: Keyboard NavigationBlooms Level: 1. RememberGradable: automaticLearning Outcome: 01.02a Give examples of how modern biomedical science emerged from an era of superstition and authoritarianism.LearningOutcome: 01.02b Describe the contributions of some key people who helped to bring about this transformation.Section: 01.02Topic: Origins of biomedical science23.The process of using numerous observations to develop general principles and predictions about aspecific subject is called __________.A.experimental designB.the deductive methodC.the inductive methodD.a hypothesisE.statistical testingAccessibility: Keyboard NavigationBlooms Level: 2.UnderstandGradable: automaticLearning Outcome: 01.03a Describe the inductive and hypothetico-deductive methods of obtaining scientific knowledge.Section: 01.03Topic: Scientific Method24.Most people think that ulcers are caused by psychological stress. It was discovered that an acid-resistantbacterium,Heliobacter pylori, lives in the lining of the stomach. If these bacteria cause ulcers, thentreatment with an antibiotic should reduce ulcers. This line of investigation is an example of__________.A.hypothetical reasoningB.hypothetico-deductive reasoningC.the inductive methodD.experimental designE.statistical analysisAccessibility: KeyboardNavigationBlooms Level: 2. UnderstandGradable: automaticLearning Outcome: 01.03a Describe the inductive and hypothetico-deductive methods of obtaining scientific knowledge.Section: 01.03Topic: Scientific Method

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25.An educated speculation or a possible answer to a question is called a(n) __________.A.scientific methodB.theoryC.lawD.hypothesisE.factAccessibility: Keyboard NavigationBlooms Level: 2. UnderstandGradable: automaticLearning Outcome: 01.03cExplain what is meant by hypothesis, fact, law, and theory in science.Section: 01.03Topic: Scientific Method26.The use of controls and statistical testing are two aspects of experimental design that help to ensure__________.A.an adequate sample sizeB.objective and reliable resultsC.experimental biasD.psychosomatic effectsE.treatment groupsAccessibility: Keyboard NavigationBlooms Level: 3. ApplyGradable: automaticLearning Outcome: 01.03bDescribe some aspects of experimental design that help to ensure objective and reliable results.Section: 01.03Topic: Scientific Method27.______________ is a process that submits a scientist's ideas to the critical judgment of otherspecialistsin the field before the research is funded or published.A.AdjudicationB.Statistical testingC.FalsificationD.Peer reviewE.Hypothetico-deductive testingAccessibility: Keyboard NavigationBlooms Level: 1.RememberGradable: automaticLearning Outcome: 01.03b Describe some aspects of experimental design that help to ensure objective and reliable results.Section: 01.03Topic: Scientific Method

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28.Which of the following would contain the greatestamount of information that scientists consider to betrue to the best of their knowledge?A.A factB.A law of natureC.A hypothesisD.An equationE.A theoryAccessibility: Keyboard NavigationBlooms Level: 3. ApplyGradable: automaticLearning Outcome: 01.03c Explain what is meant by hypothesis, fact, law, and theory in science.Section: 01.03Topic: Scientific Method29.The study of the structure and function of cells is called ___________.A.cytologyB.gross anatomyC.exploratory physiologyD.comparative physiologyE.radiologyAccessibility: Keyboard NavigationBlooms Level: 1. RememberGradable: automaticLearning Outcome: 01.01b Describe several ways ofstudying human anatomy.Section: 01.01Topic: Scope of anatomy and physiology30.________________ established a code of ethics for physicians. He is considered the "father ofmedicine."A.AristotleB.HippocratesC.GalenD.VesaliusE.HookeAccessibility: Keyboard NavigationBlooms Level: 1. RememberGradable: automaticLearning Outcome: 01.02b Describe the contributions of some key people who helped to bring about this transformation.Section: 01.02Topic:Origins of biomedical science

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31.A new drug apparently increases short-term memory. Students were divided randomly into two groupsat the beginning of the semester. One group was given the memory pill once a day for the semester, andthe other group was given a same-looking pill, but it was just sugar. The sugar pill is termed a(n)__________.A.controlled pillB.placeboC.treatment pillD.variableE.effective doseAccessibility: Keyboard NavigationBlooms Level: 3.ApplyGradable: automaticLearning Outcome: 01.03b Describe some aspects of experimental design that help to ensure objective and reliable results.Section: 01.03Topic: Scientific Method32.Two groups of people were tested to determine whether garlic lowers blood cholesterol levels. Onegroup was given 800 mg of garlic powder daily for four months and exhibited an average 12% reductionin the blood cholesterol. The other group was not given any garlic and after four months averaged a 3%reduction in cholesterol. The group that was not given the garlic was the __________ group.A.peerB.testC.treatmentD.controlE.double-blindAccessibility: Keyboard NavigationBlooms Level: 3. ApplyGradable: automaticLearningOutcome: 01.03b Describe some aspects of experimental design that help to ensure objective and reliable results.Section: 01.03Topic: Scientific Method33.A change in the genetic composition of a population over time is called __________.A.mutationB.natural selectionC.selection pressureD.evolutionE.adaptationAccessibility: Keyboard NavigationBlooms Level: 1. RememberGradable: automaticLearning Outcome: 01.04b Define evolution and natural selection.Section: 01.04Topic: Human origins and adaptations

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34.The constant appearance of new strains of influenza virus is an example of __________.A.a modelB.evolutionC.selection pressureD.survivorshipE.successAccessibility: Keyboard NavigationBlooms Level: 3. ApplyGradable: automaticLearning Outcome: 01.04b Define evolution and natural selection.Section: 01.04Topic: Human origins and adaptations35.The principal theory of how evolution works is called __________.A.natural pressureB.selective pressureC.darwinian pressureD.natural adaptationE.natural selectionAccessibility: Keyboard NavigationBlooms Level: 1. RememberGradable: automaticLearning Outcome:01.04b Define evolution and natural selection.Section: 01.04Topic: Human origins and adaptations36.Which of the following was an adaptation thatevolved in connection with human upright walking?A.HairB.Fully opposable thumbsC.Stereoscopic visionD.Color visionE.Spinal and pelvic anatomyAccessibility: Keyboard NavigationBlooms Level: 2. UnderstandGradable: automaticLearning Outcome: 01.04d Describe some humancharacteristics that evolved later in connection with upright walking.Section: 01.04Topic: Human origins and adaptations37.Stereoscopic vision provides __________.A.opposable perceptionB.color perceptionC.depth perceptionD.bipedalismE.opposition of thumbsAccessibility: Keyboard Navigation

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Blooms Level: 1. RememberGradable: automaticLearning Outcome: 01.04c Describe some human characteristics that can be attributed to thetree-dwelling habits of earlier primates.Section: 01.04Topic: Human origins and adaptations38.A human isborn before his/her nervous system has matured. This is traceable to __________.A.their inability to regulate body temperatureB.skeletal adaptations to bipedalismC.the arboreal habits of early primatesD.the conditions of modern civilizationE.the diet of early species of HomoAccessibility: KeyboardNavigationBlooms Level: 2. UnderstandGradable: automaticLearning Outcome: 01.04d Describe some human characteristics that evolved later in connection with upright walking.Section: 01.04Topic: Human origins and adaptations39.The species ofmodern humansis called _________.A.Homo erectusB.Homo sapiensC.Homo habilisD.earlyHomoE.AustralopithecusAccessibility: Keyboard NavigationBlooms Level: 1. RememberGradable: automaticLearning Outcome: 01.04dDescribe some human characteristics that evolved later in connection with upright walking.Section: 01.04Topic: Human origins and adaptations40.Most primates are ________________, meaning they live in trees.A.prehensileB.bipedalC.cursorialD.troglodyticE.arborealAccessibility: Keyboard NavigationBlooms Level: 1. RememberGradable: automaticLearning Outcome: 01.04c Describe some human characteristics that can be attributed to thetree-dwelling habits of earlier primates.Section: 01.04Topic: Human origins and adaptations

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41.An _______________ is composed of two or more tissues types, whereas ____________ aremicroscopic structures in a cell.A.organ system; organsB.organ system; organellesC.organ; organellesD.organ; moleculesE.organelle;moleculesAccessibility: Keyboard NavigationBlooms Level: 2. UnderstandGradable: automaticHAPS Objective: A06.01Describe, in order from simplest to most complex, the major levels of organization in the human organism.HAPS Topic: Module A06 Levels of organization.Learning Outcome: 01.05a List the levels of human structure from the most complex to the simplest.Section: 01.05Topic: Scope of anatomy and physiology42.Which of the following lists levels of human structure from the most complex to the simplest?A.Organelle, cell, tissue, organ, organ systemB.Organ system, organ, cell, tissue, organelleC.Organ system, organelle, tissue, cell, organD.Organ system, organ, tissue, cell, organelleE.Organ, organ system, tissue, cell, organelleAccessibility: Keyboard NavigationBloomsLevel: 2. UnderstandGradable: automaticHAPS Objective: A06.01 Describe, in order from simplest to most complex, the major levels of organization in the human organism.HAPS Topic: Module A06 Levels of organization.Learning Outcome: 01.05a List the levels of human structure from the most complex to the simplest.Section: 01.05Topic: Scope of anatomy and physiology43.Which of the followinglists examples of body structures from the simplest to the most complex?A.Mitochondrion, connective tissue, protein, stomach, adipocyte (fat cell)B.Protein, mitochondrion, adipocyte (fat cell), connective tissue, stomachC.Mitochondrion, connective tissue, stomach, protein, adipocyte (fat cell)D.Protein, adipocyte (fat cell), stomach, connective tissue, mitochondrionE.Protein, stomach, connective tissue, adipocyte (fat cell), mitochondrionAccessibility: Keyboard NavigationBlooms Level: 3. ApplyGradable: automaticHAPS Objective: A06.01 Describe, in order from simplest to most complex, the major levels of organization in the human organism.HAPS Objective: A06.02 Give an example of each level of organization.HAPS Topic: Module A06 Levels of organization.Learning Outcome: 01.05a List the levels of human structure from the most complex to the simplest.Section: 01.05Topic: Scope of anatomy and physiology

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44.A(n) _____________ is a group of similar cells and their intercellular materials in a discrete region ofan organ performing a specific function.A.macromoleculeB.organ systemC.organelleD.organismE.tissueAccessibility: Keyboard NavigationBlooms Level: 1. RememberGradable: automaticHAPS Objective: A06.01 Describe, in order from simplest to most complex, the major levels of organization in the humanorganism.HAPS Topic: Module A06 Levels of organization.Learning Outcome: 01.05a List the levels of human structure from the most complex to the simplest.Section: 01.05Topic: Scope of anatomy and physiology45.Taking apart a clock to see how it works is similar to ____________ thinking about human physiology.A.comparativeB.evolutionaryC.holisticD.inductiveE.reductionistAccessibility: Keyboard NavigationBlooms Level: 3. ApplyGradable: automaticLearning Outcome: 01.05b Discuss the value of both reductionistic and holistic viewpoints to understanding human form and function.Section: 01.05Topic: Scope of anatomy and physiology46._______________ approaches understanding of the human body by studying the interactions of itsparts.A.NaturalismB.ReductionismC.VitalismD.HolismE.RationalismAccessibility: Keyboard NavigationBlooms Level: 1. RememberGradable: automaticLearning Outcome: 01.05b Discuss thevalue of both reductionistic and holistic viewpoints to understanding human form and function.Section: 01.05Topic: Scope of anatomy and physiology

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47._____________ is the view that not everything about an organism can be understood orpredicted fromthe knowledge of its components; that is, the whole is greater than the sum of its parts.A.NaturalismB.ReductionismC.HolismD.MaterialismE.ScienceAccessibility: Keyboard NavigationBlooms Level: 1.RememberGradable: automaticLearning Outcome: 01.05b Discuss the value of both reductionistic and holistic viewpoints to understanding human form and function.Section: 01.05Topic: Scope of anatomy and physiology48.The fact that most of us have five lumbar vertebrae, but some people have six and some have four, is anexample of ____________ variation among organisms.A.cellularB.holisticC.physiologicalD.anatomicalE.reductionistAccessibility: KeyboardNavigationBlooms Level: 3. ApplyGradable: automaticLearning Outcome: 01.05c Discuss the clinical significance of anatomical variation among humans.Section: 01.05Topic: Scope of anatomy and physiology49.A surgeon needs to be familiar with different versions of anatomy. This is because of the phenomenonof _____.A.cellular adaptationB.holistic medicineC.physiological variationD.anatomical variationAccessibility: Keyboard NavigationBlooms Level: 3. ApplyGradable: automaticLearning Outcome: 01.05c Discuss the clinical significance of anatomical variation among humans.Section: 01.05Topic: Scope of anatomy and physiology

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50.A hemoglobin level of 12g/dL is normal for an adult female, but low for an adult male. This is anexample of _____.A.cellular adaptationB.holistic medicineC.physiological variationD.anatomical variationAccessibility: Keyboard NavigationBlooms Level: 3. ApplyGradable: automaticLearning Outcome:01.06b Explain the importance of physiological variation among personsSection: 01.06Topic: Scope of anatomy and physiology51._________________ are the simplest body structures considered alive.A.Organ systemsB.OrgansC.CellsD.OrganellesE.MoleculesAccessibility: Keyboard NavigationBlooms Level: 1. RememberGradable: automaticHAPS Objective: A06.02 Give an example of each level of organization.HAPS Topic: Module A06 Levels oforganization.Learning Outcome: 01.06a State the characteristics that distinguish living organisms from nonliving objects.Section: 01.05Topic: Scope of anatomy and physiology52.All of the following are human organ systemsexcept ___________.A.skeletalB.endocrineC.epidermalD.reproductiveE.lymphaticAccessibility: Keyboard NavigationBlooms Level: 1. RememberGradable: automaticHAPSObjective: A06.02 Give an example of each level of organization.HAPS Objective: A07.01 List the organ systems of the human body and their major components.HAPS Topic: Module A06 Levels of organization.HAPS Topic: Module A07 Survey of body systems.Learning Outcome: 01.05a List the levels of human structure from the most complex to the simplest.Section: 01.05Topic: Scope of anatomy and physiology

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