TEST BANK Robin A. Wagner L ANS i N g Commu N i T y Co LLE g E Frederic H. Martini, Ph.D. William C. Ober, M.D. Edwin F. Bartholomew, M.S. Judi L. Nath, Ph.D. Visual Essentials of Anatomy & Physiology Contents Chapter 1 An Introduction to Anatomy and Physiology 1 Chapter 2 Chemical Level of Organization 26 Chapter 3 Cells and Tissues 60 Chapter 4 The Integumentary System 99 Chapter 5 The Skeletal System 125 Chapter 6 The Muscular System 161 Chapter 7 The Central Nervous System 193 Chapter 8 The Peripheral and Autonomic Nervous Systems 226 Chapter 9 The Senses 253 Chapter 10 The Endocrine System 293 Chapter 11 Blood and Blood Vessels 317 Chapter 12 The Heart and Cardiovascular Function 356 Chapter 13 The Lymphatic System and Immunity 386 Chapter 14 The Respiratory System 410 Chapter 15 The Digestive System 438 Chapter 16 Metabolism and Energetics 471 Chapter 17 The Urinary System and Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid–Base Balance 498 Chapter 18 The Reproductive System 530 Chapter 19 Development and Inheritance 560 iii Chapter 1 An Introduction to Anatomy and Physiology Multiple - Choice Questions 1) Gross anatomy refers to A) features seen under a light microscope. B) features seen with an electron microscope. C) features seen clearly with a dissecting microscope. D) features clearly visible with the unaided eye. E) cutting open to visualize structures. Answer: D Learning Outcome: 1.1 Bloom ʹ s Taxonomy: Knowledge 2) The study of macroscopic anatomy requires A) microscopic technique. B) tissue sampling. C) understanding function. D) visual inspection of large structures. E) correct sequencing of events. Answer: D Learning Outcome: 1.1 Bloom ʹ s Taxonomy: Knowledge 3) A massage therapist is palpating surface features of a client. This is an example of the study of A) anatomy. B) microscopy. C) sonography. D) physiology. E) pathology. Answer: A Learning Outcome: 1.1 Bloom ʹ s Taxonomy: Comprehension 4) A cytologist is visualizing the nucleus of a cell. What type of microscope is being used? A) electron B) light C) dissecting D) scanning E) inverted Answer: B Learning Outcome: 1.1 Bloom ʹ s Taxonomy: Comprehension 2 Chapter 1, An Introduction to Anatomy and Physiology 5) A cardiologist is reading an EKG. This is an example of the study of A) anatomy. B) microscopy. C) sonography. D) physiology. E) pathology. Answer: D Learning Outcome: 1.1 Bloom ʹ s Taxonomy: Comprehension 6) A microscopist is viewing a very small organelle, the ribosome, which measures about 20 nanometers across. What microscopic instrument is being used? A) electron B) light C) dissecting D) fluorescent E) inverted Answer: A Learning Outcome: 1.1 Bloom ʹ s Taxonomy: Comprehension 7) A respiratory therapist is measuring lung volumes of a patient. This is an example of the study of A) anatomy. B) microscopy. C) sonography. D) physiology. E) pathology. Answer: D Learning Outcome: 1.1 Bloom ʹ s Taxonomy: Comprehension 8) Studying anatomical detail is significant because A) memorization is an important skill. B) each anatomical detail has an effect on function. C) physiology imposes functional limits. D) anatomy limits health choices. Answer: B Learning Outcome: 1.2 Bloom ʹ s Taxonomy: Knowledge 9) What structural anatomical details impose physiological function of the elbow joint? A) The cylindrical humerus interlocks with an ulnar depression, forming a hinge. B) The biceps can only contract in one direction. C) Perpendicular movements are allowed by ligaments. D) Radius and ulna cannot slide against one another. E) Bone is a structurally sound tissue that resists torsion. Answer: A Learning Outcome: 1.2 Bloom ʹ s Taxonomy: Comprehension Test Bank for Visual Essentials of Anatomy & Physiology, 1/e 3 10) The most complex level of organization listed below is A) chemical. B) tissue. C) organ. D) cellular. E) organism. Answer: E Learning Outcome: 1.3 Bloom ʹ s Taxonomy: Knowledge 11) The least complex level of organization listed below is A) chemical. B) tissue. C) organ. D) organ system. E) cell. Answer: A Learning Outcome: 1.3 Bloom ʹ s Taxonomy: Knowledge 12) The smallest unit of life is A) chemical. B) tissue. C) organ. D) cell. E) organelle. Answer: D Learning Outcome: 1.3 Bloom ʹ s Taxonomy: Knowledge 13) Two or more tissues working together to perform functions is a(n) A) cell. B) organ. C) tissue. D) molecule. E) organelle. Answer: B Learning Outcome: 1.3 Bloom ʹ s Taxonomy: Knowledge 14) A group of cells and cellular products working together is called a(n) A) cell. B) organ. C) tissue. D) molecule. E) organelle. Answer: C Learning Outcome: 1.3 Bloom ʹ s Taxonomy: Knowledge 4 Chapter 1, An Introduction to Anatomy and Physiology 15) The smallest stable units of matter are called A) cells. B) organs. C) tissues. D) atoms. E) molecules. Answer: D Learning Outcome: 1.3 Bloom ʹ s Taxonomy: Knowledge 16) Which choice correctly represents multiple levels of organization from least to most complex? A) Cell : Tissue : Chemical : Organ : Organ System B) Cell : Tissue : Chemical : Organism : Organ System C) Tissue : Chemical : Organ System : Organism : Organ D) Chemical : Tissue : Cell : Organ System : Organism E) Chemical : Cell : Tissue: Organ System : Organism Answer: E Learning Outcome: 1.3 Bloom ʹ s Taxonomy: Comprehension Test Bank for Visual Essentials of Anatomy & Physiology, 1/e 5 Figure 1.1 Use Figure 1.1 to answer the following questions: 17) The area labeled ʺ A ʺ is a representation of which level of organization? A) cell B) tissue C) molecule D) organ system E) organ Answer: B Learning Outcome: 1.3 Bloom ʹ s Taxonomy: Knowledge 18) The area labeled ʺ B ʺ is a representation of which level of organization? A) cell B) tissue C) molecule D) organ system E) organ Answer: E Learning Outcome: 1.3 Bloom ʹ s Taxonomy: Knowledge 6 Chapter 1, An Introduction to Anatomy and Physiology 19) The area labeled ʺ C ʺ is a representation of which level of organization? A) cell B) tissue C) molecule D) organ system E) organ Answer: B Learning Outcome: 1.3 Bloom ʹ s Taxonomy: Knowledge 20) The body system that defends against infection and disease is called A) reproductive. B) urinary. C) lymphatic. D) endocrine. E) muscular. Answer: C Learning Outcome: 1.4 Bloom ʹ s Taxonomy: Knowledge 21) The body system that moves and supports the body is called A) reproductive. B) urinary. C) lymphatic. D) endocrine. E) muscular. Answer: E Learning Outcome: 1.4 Bloom ʹ s Taxonomy: Knowledge 22) The body system that eliminates excess water, salts, and waste is called A) reproductive. B) urinary. C) nervous. D) cardiovascular. E) muscular. Answer: B Learning Outcome: 1.4 Bloom ʹ s Taxonomy: Knowledge 23) The body system that produces sex cells and hormones is called A) reproductive. B) urinary. C) nervous. D) cardiovascular. E) muscular. Answer: A Learning Outcome: 1.4 Bloom ʹ s Taxonomy: Knowledge Test Bank for Visual Essentials of Anatomy & Physiology, 1/e 7 24) The body system that directs immediate response to stimuli is called A) reproductive. B) urinary. C) nervous. D) endocrine. E) muscular. Answer: C Learning Outcome: 1.4 Bloom ʹ s Taxonomy: Knowledge 25) The body system that directs long - term response to stimuli is called A) reproductive. B) urinary. C) nervous. D) endocrine. E) muscular. Answer: D Learning Outcome: 1.4 Bloom ʹ s Taxonomy: Knowledge 26) The body system that supports and protects soft tissues is called A) reproductive. B) skeletal. C) nervous. D) digestive. E) muscular. Answer: B Learning Outcome: 1.4 Bloom ʹ s Taxonomy: Knowledge 27) The body system that processes food is called A) reproductive. B) skeletal. C) nervous. D) digestive. E) muscular. Answer: D Learning Outcome: 1.4 Bloom ʹ s Taxonomy: Knowledge 28) The body system that includes the heart, blood, and vessels is called A) reproductive. B) urinary. C) nervous. D) cardiovascular. E) muscular. Answer: D Learning Outcome: 1.4 Bloom ʹ s Taxonomy: Knowledge 8 Chapter 1, An Introduction to Anatomy and Physiology 29) Which of the following is NOT a function of the skeletal system? A) mineral storage B) support C) protection of soft tissues D) directs response to stimuli E) form blood cells Answer: D Learning Outcome: 1.4 Bloom ʹ s Taxonomy: Comprehension Figure 1.2 Use Figure 1.2 to answer the following questions: 30) The body system labeled ʺ A ʺ is named A) reproductive. B) digestive. C) urinary. D) respiratory. E) cardiovascular. Answer: D Learning Outcome: 1.4 Bloom ʹ s Taxonomy: Knowledge Test Bank for Visual Essentials of Anatomy & Physiology, 1/e 9 31) The body system labeled ʺ B ʺ is named A) reproductive. B) digestive. C) urinary. D) respiratory. E) cardiovascular. Answer: B Learning Outcome: 1.4 Bloom ʹ s Taxonomy: Knowledge 32) The body system labeled ʺ C ʺ is responsible for A) reproductive. B) digestive. C) urinary. D) respiratory. E) cardiovascular. Answer: C Learning Outcome: 1.4 Bloom ʹ s Taxonomy: Knowledge 33) Humans maintain a constant internal environment called A) homeostasis. B) homeotics. C) anatomy. D) physiology. E) pathology. Answer: A Learning Outcome: 1.5 Bloom ʹ s Taxonomy: Knowledge 34) Which of the following principles serves as the central theme for physiology? A) homeostasis B) pathology C) anatomy D) physiology E) unity Answer: A Learning Outcome: 1.5 Bloom ʹ s Taxonomy: Knowledge 35) The type of feedback that provides stability for an organism is A) positive. B) negative. C) pathologic. D) effective. E) receptive. Answer: B Learning Outcome: 1.5 Bloom ʹ s Taxonomy: Knowledge 10 Chapter 1, An Introduction to Anatomy and Physiology 36) The type of feedback that accelerates processes toward completion is A) positive. B) negative. C) pathologic. D) effective. E) receptive. Answer: A Learning Outcome: 1.5 Bloom ʹ s Taxonomy: Knowledge 37) A cell or organ that responds to commands of the control center is termed a(n) A) receptor. B) thermoregulator. C) control center stimulus. D) stimulus. E) effector. Answer: E Learning Outcome: 1.5 Bloom ʹ s Taxonomy: Knowledge 38) Which of the following is NOT a component of all typical homeostatic mechanisms? A) receptor B) effector C) control center D) stimulus E) thermostat Answer: E Learning Outcome: 1.5 Bloom ʹ s Taxonomy: Knowledge 39) When body temperature rises, the temperature control center will signal A) vasoconstriction to prevent blood circulation to body extremities. B) vasodilation to encourage blood circulation to body extremities. C) positive feedback mechanisms to further increase temperature. D) acceleration of clotting mechanisms. E) release of blood thinners. Answer: B Learning Outcome: 1.5 Bloom ʹ s Taxonomy: Comprehension 40) Which of the following is NOT a normal response to temperature increases in the body? A) Activity increases in the temperature control center of the brain. B) Skin temperature receptors send signals to the control center. C) Blood vessels near body surfaces dilate and increase blood flow. D) Blood vessels near body surfaces constrict and reduce blood flow. E) Sweat glands are stimulated. Answer: D Learning Outcome: 1.5 Bloom ʹ s Taxonomy: Comprehension Test Bank for Visual Essentials of Anatomy & Physiology, 1/e 11 41) During labor, muscle contractions pushing the baby stimulate stretch receptors that in turn trigger more contractions. What type of feedback is involved? A) positive B) negative C) pathologic D) effective E) receptive Answer: A Learning Outcome: 1.5 Bloom ʹ s Taxonomy: Application 42) An eponym is a(n) A) pathological anatomical condition. B) anatomical feature with no known physiological role. C) Latin anatomical term. D) commemorative name for an anatomical feature. E) Greek prefix. Answer: D Learning Outcome: 1.6 Bloom ʹ s Taxonomy: Knowledge 43) The Latin root describing a joint is A) chondro - . B) arthro - . C) neuro - . D) vas - . E) pulmo - . Answer: B Learning Outcome: 1.6 Bloom ʹ s Taxonomy: Knowledge 44) The Latin root describing cartilage is A) chondro - . B) arthro - . C) neuro - . D) vas - . E) pulmo - . Answer: A Learning Outcome: 1.6 Bloom ʹ s Taxonomy: Knowledge 45) The Latin root describing lungs is A) chondro - . B) arthro - . C) neuro - . D) vas - . E) pulmo - . Answer: E Learning Outcome: 1.6 Bloom ʹ s Taxonomy: Knowledge 12 Chapter 1, An Introduction to Anatomy and Physiology 46) The Latin root describing kidneys is A) chondro - . B) arthro - . C) nephr - . D) hypo - . E) pulmo - . Answer: C Learning Outcome: 1.6 Bloom ʹ s Taxonomy: Knowledge 47) The Latin root used to signify ʺ a state above ʺ is A) chondro - . B) arthro - . C) nephr - . D) hypo - . E) hyper - . Answer: E Learning Outcome: 1.6 Bloom ʹ s Taxonomy: Knowledge 48) A person lying down in anatomical position face up is A) pelvic. B) pubic. C) prone. D) supine. E) palmar. Answer: D Learning Outcome: 1.6 Bloom ʹ s Taxonomy: Knowledge 49) The anatomical term for chin is A) otic. B) optic. C) mental. D) brachial. E) thoracic. Answer: C Learning Outcome: 1.6 Bloom ʹ s Taxonomy: Knowledge 50) The anatomical term for ear is A) otic. B) optic. C) mental. D) brachial. E) thoracic. Answer: A Learning Outcome: 1.6 Bloom ʹ s Taxonomy: Knowledge